Aminet 28/Aminet 28 (1998)(GTI - Schatztruhe)[!][Dec 1998].iso/Aminet/gfx/3d/raystorm_060.lha/common.lha/Docs/RayStorm.doc

Text File | 1998-09-24 | 163KB | 5,124 lines

                                                                September 8th 1998

                          R a y S t o r m   ›3mv2.2›0m

                     by Andreas Heumann and Mike Hesser

 ›0m›1m1. Introduction›0m
   ›3m Introduction         ›0m     What is RayStorm?
   ›3m Requirements         ›0m     What do I need to run it?
   ›3m Features             ›0m     What can Scenario do?
   ›3m Limitations          ›0m     What limitations has the demo version?

 ›0m›1m2. Installation›0m
   ›3m Installation         ›0m     How can I install it?

 ›0m›1m3. General information›0m
   ›3m Raytracing           ›0m     What is raytracing?
   ›3m Octree               ›0m     What is an octree?
   ›3m Antialiasing         ›0m     What is antialiasing?
   ›3m Depth of field       ›0m     What is Depth of Field?
   ›3m Soft shadows         ›0m     What are soft shadows?
   ›3m Shadow map           ›0m     What is a shadow map?
   ›3m Motion Blur          ›0m     What is Motion Blur?
   ›3m Surfaces             ›0m     What meaning have the surface parameters?
   ›3m CSG                  ›0m     What is CSG?
   ›3m Hyper textures       ›0m     What are hyper textures?
   ›3m Surface of revolution›0m     What is a surface of revolution?
   ›3m Directory Structure  ›0m     Some words to directory and project structures.
   ›3m Virtual Memory       ›0m     How do I use virutal memory?
   ›3m Internals            ›0m     Some internal details.
   ›3m Tips & Tricks        ›0m     Useful tips,tricks and hints (FAQ)
   ›3m Textures             ›0m     How do I use textures?
   ›3m RAW object format    ›0m     Description of RAW object files.

 ›0m›1m3. Scenario Usage›0m
   ›3m Usage                ›0m     How do I use Scenario?
   ›3m Browser              ›0m     How do I use the object browser?
   ›3m Material manager     ›0m     How do I use the material manager?
   ›3m Menus                ›0m     Description of the menus.
   ›3m Buttons              ›0m     Description of the buttons.
   ›3m Object Menus         ›0m     Description of object orientated menus.
   ›3m Keyboard Control     ›0m     How do I use Scenario with the keyboard?
   ›3m ARexx interface      ›0m     Which ARexx commands does it have?

 ›0m›1m4. Script Usage›0m
   ›3m ARexx interface      ›0m     Which ARexx commands does it have?
   ›3m Examples             ›0m     How do I use the examples?
   ›3m Tutorials            ›0m     Some tutorials

 ›0m›1m5. Registration›0m
   ›3m Register             ›0m     Please register to support the shareware concept.

 ›0m›1m6. Misc›0m
   ›3m Known Bugs           ›0m     Bugs
   ›3m Credits              ›0m     Thanks go to...
   ›3m Authors              ›0m     Who wrote it?
   ›3m Literature           ›0m     Which books do we use?
   ›3m PC-Version           ›0m     Where can I get the PC-version?
   ›3m Homepage             ›0m     Where to find us on the World Wide Web.
   ›3m History              ›0m     What happened in the past?
   ›3m Future               ›0m     What is planned for the future?

 ›0m›1m7. Legal Stuff›0m
   ›3m Legal Stuff          ›0m     Legal stuff


›0m›1mINTRODUCTION›0m

This document describes the raytracing package RayStorm. The package consists
of two parts:
- The scene modeler ›0m›1mScenario›0m which is the graphical user interface
  (GUI) of the RayStorm package.
- The script interface ›0m›1mRayStorm Script›0m, a program wich allowes one
  to use the raytracer through a script language.
- The heart of RayStorm: ›0m›1mRayStorm Raytracer›0m, wich generates the
  picture from a scene description (this part is not visible to the user
  but nevertheless it's the main part).

Here are some additional informations to the parts:

  ›3mRayStorm Scenario›0m
  ›3mRayStorm Script›0m
  ›3mRayStorm Raytracer›0m

›0m›1mINTRODUCTION TO SCENARIO›0m

As we developed Scenario we tried to make the user interface to use as
easy as possible to enable even absolute beginners to work with it. Therefore
almost all actions can be performed with the mouse. For advanced users we
implemented keyboard shortcuts for almost all functions.

Scenario can load a project at startup. For this start it with the name of a
directory as argument or from Workbench by selecting the project drawer and
double clicking the Scenario icon.

A detailed introduction can be found ›3mhere›0m.

›0m›1mINTRODUCTION TO RAYSTORM SCRIPT›0m

The script language that contains the description of the scene is easy to
learn and offers some powerful capabilities. In addition, the script language
has a full support for key frame animation.

A RayStorm script file (.ray files) is basically divided into the following
sections:
- Various settings of the camera, the world and the lights,
- Definitions of the different textured surfaces,
- Different actors that set the Motion Blur and animation parameters,
- Objects that are associated with surfaces and actors
- Settings for the final rendered graphic.

For a more detailed description click ›3mhere›0m.

›0m›1mINTRODUCTION TO RAYSTORM RAYTRACER›0m

The raytracer itself is a part to RayStorm which is not directly visible.
All features of the raytracer are packed into a shared library. Both Scenario
and RayStorm Script use this library to render their scenes.

The raytracer is based on a fast octree algorithm. It has some powerfull
features such as ›3mMotion Blur›0m, ›3mSoft Shadows›0m and
›3mDepth of Field›0m.

›0m›1mGENERAL›0m

Raytracing makes it possible to generate fotorealistic pictures of objects.

A raytracer casts a ray form the position of the viewer through a scene
and calculates possible intersections with the objects in that scene. If an
intersection is found, the raytracer decides which color the object
at this position has. If the object is reflective or transparent, the
raytracer casts new rays from this positon and tests the intersections
again and so on.

To make the surfaces of the objects more realistic, textures which
simulate marble, wood other surfaces can be used.

›0m›1mOCTREE›0m
Simple raytracers determine the intersections with objects by testing all
objects. This can lead to long rendering times if there are a lot of
objects in the scene.

One solution of this problem is the Octree algorithm.
This algorithm divides the scene into eight child-cells recursively until
there is less than oe object in the cell or the maximum depth of the tree is reached.

Division of space with the octree algorithm:
             _
             /| z
            /
     /-------/-------/|
 ^ y/       /       / |
 | / left  / right / b|
 |/       /       / |a|
 |-------/-------| f|c|
 |               | r|k|
 |      up       | o| /
 |---------------| n|/
 |               | t|
 |     down      | /  x
 |---------------|/-->

›0m›1mANTIALIASING›0m

RayStorm uses a algorithm called 'Adaptive Supersampling' to do antialiasing.
For each pixel with a high contrast against its four neighbours, the algorithm
casts new rays which are close to the ray used for the pixel itself. The new
color of the pixel is calculated with the supersampled pixels and the gaussian
filter.

Supersampling is also used to do ›3mdepth of field›0m and ›3msoft shadows›0m. So if
you want to use this features you have to set a antialiasing value greater
than one. (-> ›3mANTIALIAS›0m)

Example:
Settings: squareroot of number of samples per pixel: 3

|--------|--------|--------|
| super- | super- | super- |
| sampled| sampled| sampled|
|        |        |        |
|--------|--------|--------|
| super- |        | super- |
| sampled| pixel  | sampled|
|        |        |        |
|--------|--------|--------|
| super- | super- | super- |
| sampled| sampled| sampled|
|        |        |        |
|--------|--------|--------|

|- Gaussian filter width  -|

The rendering time increases dramatically if you use antialiasing. The
values below depend on the contrast of the picture.

Samplesetting     rendering time
                  average case     worst case
1                 x1                x1
2                 x2                x4
3                 x4                x8
4                 x8               x16
...               ...              ...

Setting higher than 3 are not leading to significant better results.

›0m›1mDEPTH OF FIELD›0m

Objects in computer graphics are normally rendered in an image plane
using a pinhole camera model. That is to say, no matter how far or how
near the objects are from the camera, they are always in sharp focus.
Depth of field means that only objects at a certain distance from the
camera lens are in sharp focus. Further and nearer objects produce a
blurred image on the film plane.

[From 'Advanced Animation and Rendering Techniques']

To use depth of field you have to set ›3mANTIALIAS›0m to a value bigger
than one.

›3mExample for DOF›0m

›0m›1mSOFT SHADOWS›0m

Real Light sources never have a zero size, therefore the shadows behind
objects are never hard edged, they are soft. RayStorm generates this
shadows by jittering the position of the light source. To use soft shadows
you must set ›3mDISTRIB›0m to a value bigger than one.

›0m›1mSHADOW MAP›0m
A shadow map is a depth map with the light source in the center. If a ray
hits an object the distance between this hit point is calculated and compared
with the depth found in the shadow map. If distance from the hitpoint is
less than the value in the depth map, the object is in shadow.

The problem with this concept is that transparent objects cast dark shadows.
For example a green glas sphere which is illumated with a lightsource without
shadow map will cast a green shadow, with shadowmap the shadow will be black.

Because of limitiations of the memory all depth values in all possible
directions can't be stored. Therefore the strength of the shadow is interpolated,
and the shadow is not sharp like the normal calculated shadow.

The shadowmap is calculated in spherical coordinates, this means for a size
of the shadowmap of 128 RayStorm calculates 128x64=8192 samples. For each sample
on float value (4 bytes) is stored. This means that a shadow map with size 128
needs 128x64x4=32768 bytes of memory. Note that ›0m›1mevery›0m light source
with shadow map enabled needs its own shadowmap.

›0m›1mMOTION BLUR›0m

Motion blur is temporal anti-aliasing. In animated sequences, the normal
rendering process functions like a camera that possesses an infinitely
short exposure time and this eliminates the blurring of the image due
to relative motion between an object and the film plane. When a series of
images, generated without motion blur, is displayed as an animated
sequence, the illusion of smooth motion is diminished by strobing effects.
As human beings we expect to see loss of detail in moving images.

Motion blur is accounted for in distributed ray tracing by extending the
distributed sampling and jittering into the time domain and computing a
solution that extracts information from the scen over the duration of the
shutter exposure time. Objects are moved as required in the time period
and visibility consequently changes over this time intervall. This method
ensures that highlights and shadows are blurred or not, depending on the
nature of the motion.

[From '›3mAdvanced Animation and Rendering Techniques›0m']

›0m›1mSURFACES›0m

Ambient (set with AMBIENT)

This determines the color of the object in sections which are in shadow.

Diffuse reflection (set with DIFFUSE)

The diffuse reflection falls off as the cosine of the angle between
the normal and the ray to the light. Diffuse reflection determines the
main color of the object (color in Imagine).

Specularly reflected highlights (set with SPECULAR)

Specularly reflected highlights fall off as the cosine of the angle
between the reflected ray and the ray to the light source (specular in
Imagine)

Specular reflection exponent (set with REFEXP)

Determines the size of the specularly reflected highlights, the higher
the smaller the highlight (hardness in Imagine)

Diffuse transmission (set with DIFFTRANS)

Same as diffuse reflection, but only used if the lightsource is on
opposite side of surface. Only applied if tranlucency is not 0.

Specular transmission (set with SPECTRANS)

Same as specular reflection, but only used if the lightsource is on
opposite side of surface. Only applied if tranlucency is not 0.

Specular transmission exponent (set with TRANSEXP)

Same as specular reflection exponent, but only used if the lightsource
is on opposite side of surface.

Specular transmittance (set with TRANSLUC)

Specular transmittance.

Transparency (set with TRANSPAR)

Transparent color (filter in Imagine).

Reflectivity (set with REFLECT)

Reflective color (reflect in Imagine).

Fog length (set with FOGLEN) (fog in Imagine).

Index of refraction (set with REFRINDEX)

Determines how the ray through transparent objects is refracted, the higher
the more (index of refraction in Imagine).
Is calculated with the formula

            lightspeed in vacuum
   index = ----------------------
            lightspeed in object    .

›0m›1mCSG›0m

The idea of Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) is to combine to or more
primitives with logical operations to produes a new shape. The operations
needed for CSG are union, intersection, and difference.

With the intersection operator you can combine two objects, and the new shape
consists of all points which are inside the first ›0m›1mand›0m the second
object. Points inside one of the objects, but not the other are not part of the
shape.

If you combine two objects with the union operator, the new shape consists
of all points which are inside either the first or the second object, or
inside both objects.

With the difference operator you can cut out a piece of an object with another
object. The first object is the object that is being 'cut' by the second
object.

›0m›1mHYPER TEXTURES›0m
Many objects, such as fur or woven materials, have a complex definition which
is at best awkward, and at worst impossible, to discribe by a surface model.
For other objects, such as eroded materials or fluids, a highly complex
boundary is actually an arifact of a process hat is often more readily
describet volumetrically. Still other objects, such as flame, clouds, or smoke,
don't actually hav a well defined boundary surface at all.

Hyper textures consist of a base-shape which have a hard region where they are
completely solid, and a soft region where they are indeterminate. Whenever we
are in the soft region, we can apply a toolkit of shaping functions, allowing
the flexibility to create and manipulate volumetric form.
[From: '›3mHypertexture›0m']

›0m›1mSURFACE OF REVOLUTION›0m

For surfaces of revolution (SOR) objects a curve is rotated around a axis. This
curve describes the dependence of the radius from the position of the axis. The
curve is described by two-dimensional vectors consisting of the radius and the
corresponding height. These points are smoothly connected and rotated about the
y-axis. The first and the last points are only used to determine the slopes of
the function at the start and end point. To any given point on the rotation axis
belongs at most one function value. You can't rotate closed curves.

SOR is based on the work of Peter Bruger and Duncan Gillies in their book
›3mInteractive Computer Graphics›0m. If you want to know more about the mathematical
background you can find it there.

›0m›1mDIRECTORY AND PROJECT STRUCTURE›0m

scenario             the root directory of scenario
|-brushes            the brush directory (you can create subdirectories here)
| |- brush 1
| |- brush 2
| |- ...
| |- brush n
|-objects            the objects directory (you can create subdirectories here)
| |- object 1
| |- object 1
| |- ...
| |- object n
|-textures           the textures directory (you can create subdirectories here)
| |- texture 1
| |- texture 2
| |- ...
| |- texture n
|-projects           the projects directory (Scenario creates for every project a subdirectory)
  |-project 1        the first project
  | |- project.scn   the file where the scene is stored (should have the ending '.scn')
  | |-brushes        the directory for brushes which are local to this project
  | | |- ...
  | |-objects        the directory for objects which are local to this object
  | | |- ...
  | |- pic.0001      the rendered pictures
  | |- pic.0002
  | |- ...
  | |- pic.n
  |- project 2       another project
  |- ...
  |- project n

The default project directory can be set with the ›3mpreferences›0m.

›0m›1mVIRTUAL MEMORY›0m

RayStorm has been succesfully tested with VMM 3.1 from Martin Apel. If you
want use RayStorm with virtual memory notice follwing hints:

- set Minimum VM allocation to 100 bytes if you define large scenes with
  many objects, because RayStorm only allocates small pieces of memory for
  single objects (less then 200 bytes). If you're loading external objects
  RayStorm allocates big blocks of memory so you don't have to set Minimum
  VM allocation to 100.
- use a partition or a pseudo-partition for VMM, this is faster

›0m›1mINTERNALS›0m

The development of RayStorm has started in march 1995.

›0m›1mCompiler›0m

- Amiga
  Originally, RayStorm has been developed on Amiga using Maxon C++ 3.0
  Developer. The final Amiga version was compiled with StormC 3.0.
- PC
  The PC version was compiled with WATCOM C++ 10.5 and Visual C 4.2.

›0m›1mMemory requirements of the raytracer›0m

Triangle:      154 Bytes + 36 Bytes if Phong shaded
Sphere:         82 Bytes
Plane:          78 Bytes
Box:           122 Bytes
Cylinder:      174 Bytes
Cone:          174 Bytes
SOR:           206 Bytes + 28 Bytes per point
Surface:       122 Bytes
Screenbuffer:    4 Bytes per pixel

Memory requirements of the octree depends on the scene.

›0m›1mSource Code›0m

About 90.000 lines of C++-Code in more than 300 modules (about
2.1 MByte of source).

›0m›1mRAW OBJECT FORMAT›0m

RAW files are simple ASCII based descriptions of triangle objects. The file
consits of object sections which start with a name. This name is followed
by several triangle definitions. A RAW file consists of unlimited object
sections. Below is an example of a simple RAW file which describes two objects.

Plane
-1 -1 0  1 -1 0  1 1 0
-1 -1 0  -1 1 0  1 1 0
House
-3 -1 0  -2 -1 0  -2 1 0
-3 -1 0  -3 1 0  -2 1 0
-3 1 0  -2.5 2 0  -2 1 0

›0m›1mREQUIREMENTS›0m

(1) You will need at least Kickstart 2.0.

(2) PPC-version: PowerPC processor with 68040

(3) 060-version: 68060 processor (with internal FPU)

(4) 040-version: 68040 processor (with internal FPU)

(5) 881-version: 68020 processor or better and a mathematical coprocessor)

(6) 4MB RAM minimum

(7) RayStorm was written using MUI. Therefore you need muimaster.library
    V3.3 or better to run RayStorm.

recommended: 68060, 32MB RAM, 1GB Harddisk, GFX-Board

The faster the better :-).

Tested with:
A1200 68030/50, 6MB, 200MB HD
A2000 68040/30, 24MB, 250+250MB HD, Merlin Gfx-board
A2000 68030/14, 68882/20, 4MB, 720+52MB HD
A4000 68060/50, PPC 604e, 76MB, 4.3GB HD, Cybervision 64 Gfx-board

›0m›1mFEATURES›0m

›0m›1mScenario›0m

- Create spheres, planes, boxes, cylinders, cones, lightsources, cameras and
  CSG objects
- Create mesh objects: cubes, spheres, planes, tubes and cones
- Create and maintain CSG structures
- Each object can track each other
- Unlimited amount of cameras to view scene from different positions
- Define surfaces for all objects, including brushes and textures
- Load external objects (RayStorm object files, Imagine TDDD files,
  Ligtwave LWOB files, AutoDesk 3DS files and RAW files)
- Save and load scenes
- Save and load objects
- Group and ungroup objects
- Preview of surfaces in material requester
- Render scenes with RayStorm Raytracer
- Preview of renderd scenes
- Quadview
- Multilevel undo (only memory limited) and redo
- Status bar
- Object browser with drag & drop
- Material manager with fast preview
- OpenGL support
- CyberGFX support
- ARexx port

›0m›1mRayStorm Script›0m

- ARexx port with 47 commands.

›0m›1mRayStorm Raytracer›0m

- Octree algorithm used for rendering.
- Motion blur for realistic simulations of moving objects.
- Color, reflectivity, filter, altitude and specular mapping.
- Flat, cylinder and sphere mapping.
- Soft brush mapping.
- Mathematical textures: wood, marble, bumps, checker, linear, radial, stars
  and fire.
- Hyper textures: explode.
- Tranparency and physically correct refractions.
- 8 levels of antialiasing (adaptive supersampling).
- Rendering box.
- Seven builtin object types: sphere, plane, box, cylinder, cone, surface of
  revolution and triangle.
- CSG (Constructive Solid Geometry) with the operators: union, intersection,
  difference and invert.
- Three light types: ambient, point and spot.
- Depth of field with adjustable focal distance and aperture.
- Soft shadows.
- Backdrop picture.
- Global fog and foggy objects.
- Material attributes for realistic objects: ambient color, diffuse color,
  specular color, specular reflection exponent, diffuse transmission color,
  specular transmission color, specular transmission exponent, specular
  transmittance, transparent color, reflective color, index of refraction,
  foglength.
- Bright objects.
- Quick rendering.
- Global reflection map.
- Image formates: IFF-ILBM, PNG, TGA, JPEG and Datatypes.
- Object formates: RayStorm object file, Imagine TDDD, Lightwave LWOB,
  AutoDesk 3DS, NFF and RAW
- New image- and object-formats can be easily included because of the
  modular concept.
- Shadowcache for faster shadow calculation.
- Shadowmap with definable size for each lightsource for smooth and fast
  shadows.
- Definable limited amount of objects for avoiding the creation of octree.

›0m›1mLIMITATIONS›0m

This demo version can't save pictures. The registered version does not have
any limitations.
Click ›3mhere›0m for information on how to register RayStorm.

›0m›1mINSTALLATION›0m

There is a installation script included in the archive which uses the
Commodore Installer. Run it to install RayStorm Scenario.

›0m›1mUSAGE›0m

After you have started Scenario you see the worksheet.

At the top of the sheet are the buttons to manage projects, to control the
mesh editing modes, the view mode, the display mode, the edit mode, enable
the selection box and to control the currently active directions.

Below this button bar is the work area. It is devided in three sections: the
draw area, the browser section and the material manager. At startup you can
see a grid and the camera in the middle of the draw area (note: there must
always remain at least one camera in the scene). In the ›3mbrowser section›0m you
can see all objects of the scene, in a new scene there is only the camera.
The objects can be sorted by drag and drop. The ›3mmaterial manager›0m helps you
to handle the different material in the scene. In a new scene there is no
material defined.

At the bottom of the window is a status bar which displays the name of the
selected object (if more than one object is selected, the name of the first
object is displayed), the name of the active camera and the current cursor
coordinates if the coordinate display is enabled (see ›3mShow Coordinates›0m).

All objects, cameras and light sources have an axis to handle it. The axis
consist of a rectangular area - the hot spot or handle - and three lines
which show the orientation of the axis. The axis can be selected by clicking
with the left mouse button at the handle. If it is selected the color of
the axis and the object changes.

Clicking with the left mouse button invokes the modify mode. According to the
slected mode (move, rotate or scale) the world or the selected object(s) can
be modified.

Clicking with the right mouse button open object specific menus (see
›3mObject Menus›0m).

Scenario also has a ARexx port, for a more detailed description click ›3mhere›0m.

›0m›1mOBJECT BROWSER›0m

The object browser helps you to manage the objects in your scene. With
it you can select objects, change the hierarchy of a scene and you have
access to the object menus. One browser line is divided in four parts:
- the tree handles
- a little image which indicates the type of the object (›3mhere›0m are all
  images)
- the object name
- a thumbnail image which shows the material, which is assigned to the
  object
›3mHere›0m you can see a example for the contents of the object browser.

The hierachiy of the objects can be changed by drag and drop. For this
click with the left mouse buton on an object, and hold the mouse button
down. Now the browser entry is attached to the pointer and you can move
the object. If you move the pointer over another entry in the browser one
or more dotted lines indicates where the dragged object is dropped. A
line above the browser entry indicates that the dragged object is inserted
above the browser entry. Two lines, one above and one below indicates that
the dragged object is inserted as a child of the browser entry. A line
below the browser entry indicates that the object is inserted below the
browser entry.

›0m›1mMaterial Manager›0m

The material manager helps you to manage the materials of the scene. Although
the material manager is empty in new scene, one material is already defined.
This material is assigned to all new created objects and can not be changed.

A new material is created by pressing the right mouse button in the material
manager area, and selecting 'New' from the menu, or by selecting 'New' from
the 'Material' menu. This menu contains the following points:
- New:                   creates a new material.
- Load new...:           opens a file requester to select a material file,
                         creates a new material and loads the material data
                         and assigns it to the new created material.
- Remove unused:         removes all materials which are not assigned to an
                         object.
- Remove identical:      removes all materials which are double. This is
                         useful if you have loaded external objects with
                         many identical materials.

If you press the right mouse button over a material item another menu opens:
- New: creates a new material
- Load...:               loads the material data from a material file to the
                         current material.
- Save...:               saves the material data to a material file.
- Delete:                deletes the material.
- Properties...:         opens the material requester for this material.
- Assign to selected...: assigns the material to the currently selected
                         objects.

To assign a material to an object press the left mouse button over a material,
hold it down, drag it to an object in the object browser and release the button.

If you double click a material the material settings requester is opened.

You can change the name of the material by editing the name string on the
buttom of the material item.

›0m›1mMENUS›0m

  Project
   ›3m New               ›0m
   ›3m Open...           ›0m
   ›3m Save              ›0m
   ›3m Save As...        ›0m
   ›3m Render settings...›0m
   ›3m Set Render Window ›0m
   ›3m Render            ›0m
   ›3m Recent file       ›0m
   ›3m About...          ›0m
   ›3m Quit              ›0m

  Edit
   ›3m Undo              ›0m
   ›3m Redo              ›0m
   ›3m Cut               ›0m
   ›3m Copy              ›0m
   ›3m Paste             ›0m
   ›3m Delete            ›0m
   ›3m Select all        ›0m
   ›3m Deselect all      ›0m
   ›3m Select next       ›0m
   ›3m Select previous   ›0m
   ›3m Mode              ›0m
   ›3m Active            ›0m

  View
   ›3m Redraw            ›0m
   ›3m Focus             ›0m
   ›3m Zoom in           ›0m
   ›3m Zoom out          ›0m
   ›3m Zoom fit          ›0m
   ›3m View              ›0m
   ›3m Camera to viewer  ›0m
   ›3m Grid              ›0m
   ›3m Snap to Grid      ›0m
   ›3m Gridsize...       ›0m
   ›3m Show              ›0m
   ›3m Global settings...›0m
   ›3m Browser           ›0m
   ›3m Material manager  ›0m

  Object
   ›3m Attributes...     ›0m
   ›3m Settings...       ›0m
   ›3m Group             ›0m
   ›3m UnGroup           ›0m
   ›3m Load...           ›0m
   ›3m Save...           ›0m
   ›3m Primitives        ›0m
   ›3m Lights            ›0m
   ›3m Meshes            ›0m
   ›3m Active Camera...  ›0m

  Material
   ›3m New               ›0m
   ›3m Load new...       ›0m
   ›3m Remove unused     ›0m
   ›3m Remove identical  ›0m

  Settings
   ›3m Prefs...          ›0m
   ›3m MUI...            ›0m
   ›3m Load              ›0m
   ›3m Save              ›0m

›0m›1mNEW PROJECT›0m

Deletes all objects and materials. Resets the scene and creates the default
camera.

›0m›1mOPEN PROJECT›0m

Loads a new scene.

›0m›1mSAVE PROJECT›0m

Saves the current scene.

›0m›1mSAVE PROJECT AS›0m

Saves the current scene with the specified name.

›0m›1mRENDER SETTINGS›0m

Opens the render settings requester. The requester is divides in three pages.
On the ›3mfirst page›0m you can select predefined render resolutions with a listview
or enter the values to numeric fields. The values range from 0 to 65535.
The resolution presets can be defined in a file named 'prefs/res.dat'. This file
is a text file which can be edited with a text editor. The format of this file is:
›0m›1m<name>,<resolution in x direction>,<resolution in y direction>›0m.
A example for the contents of this file is:
›0m›3mPAL 160x128,160,128
NTSC 160x120,160,120›0m
On this page you also can also enable the rendering field. RayStorm renders
only inside this field. The field is shown in the perspective window if camera
view is switched on.
On the ›3msecond page›0m are settings which affect the rendering process. The 'Quick'
flag selects the quick rendering mode. In this mode RayStorm don't calculates
shadows, transparency or reflections.
The 'Octree depth' slider sets the maximum depth of the octree which RayStorm
uses. For almost all scenes a vlaue of three is the best, but in complex scenes
it may be better to use higher values. The higher this value is the longer
takes the initialazion phase and the more memory is needed.
The 'Min. Objects' slider sets the amount of objects upto which no octree is
generated. If ther is a small amount of objects in the scene it's sometimes
better not to build the octree due to the overhead of the intersection test.
This value depends on your scene, for about 3 to 5 objects it's better not
to use the octree. But if you want to render scenes with motion blur it's
better to set this value to zero because this is faster.
Ont the ›3mthird page›0m are output related gadgets.
The 'Filename' string gadget sets the filename of the generated picture and the
cycle gadget sets the fileformat. You can show the rendered picture with the
view button (the camera left to the filename).
The 'Show' flag enables the direct showing of the picture while the
render process is running (needs KS 3.0 or better).
The 'Ok' button closes the requester and stores the current settings, whereas
the 'Cancel' button don't change the settings.

›0m›1mSET RENDER WINDOW›0m

You can set a window in which RayStorm will render the scene. This window is
shown in the perspective view if camera view is switched on. The render
window can be set with the mouse. If you select this menu item it gets
checked. After this you can set the render window by pressing and holding
the left mouse button while you set the render window. After releasing the
mouse button the new render window is set and the enabled.
You can enable and disable the render window in the
›3mRender Settings requester›0m.

›0m›1mRENDER PROJECT›0m

Renders the current scene. The ›3mrender window›0m link is opened.
At the begining only the ›0m›3mCancel›0m button is enabled. With this button
you can break the rendering process. The currently renderd part of the
picture is saved and all memory is freed.
After RayStorm finished rendering the ›0m›3mOk›0m and ›0m›3mShow›0m button
is enabled. The
button calls the view program which you set in the ›3msettings requester›0m.

›0m›1mRECENT FILE›0m

Here you can select the four recently loaded projects.

›0m›1mAbout›0m

Shows the about requester with the version number and the current Arexx port
name.

›0m›1mQUIT›0m

Quits Scenario.

›0m›1mUNDO›0m

Undos the last operation. Follwoing actions can be undone:
- transformation (position, alignment, size)
- delete
- cut
- create
- load object

›0m›1mREDO›0m

Redos the last undone operation.

›0m›1mCUT›0m

Moves the currently selected objects to the paste buffer.

›0m›1mCOPY›0m

Copys the currently selected objects to the paste buffer.

›0m›1mPASTE›0m

Copys the currently selected objects from the paste buffer to the scene.

›0m›1mDELETE›0m

Deletes the currently selected objects. The active camera can't be deleted.

›0m›1mSELECT ALL›0m

Selects all objects.

›0m›1mDESELECT ALL›0m

Deselects all objects.

›0m›1mSELECT NEXT›0m

Selects the next object.

›0m›1mSELECT PREVIOUS›0m

Selects the previous object.

›0m›1mMODE›0m

Sets the edit mode:
Move object
Rotate object
Scale object

Move world
Rotate world
Zoom world

›0m›1mACTIVE›0m

Sets the active directions:
X, Y, Z.

›0m›1mREDRAW›0m

Redraws the work area.

›0m›1mFOCUS›0m

Sets the zoom factor so that all selected objects are visible.

›0m›1mZOOM IN›0m

Zooms out by factor two.

›0m›1mZOOM OUT›0m

Zooms in by factor two.

›0m›1mZOOM FIT›0m

Sets the zoom factor so that the whole scene is visible.

›0m›1mVIEW›0m

Sets the view mode:
Front, Right, Top, Perspective, Four, Camera.

›0m›1mCAMERA TO VIEWER›0m

Moves the camera to the the position of the virtual camera, roatates the
camera and sets the opening angles (horizontal and vertial field of view).

›0m›1mGRID›0m

Switches grid on/off.

›0m›1mSNAP TO GRID›0m

Switches grid snapping on/off.

›0m›1mGRID SIZE›0m

Sets grid size.

›0m›1mSHOW›0m
   ›3m Coordinates      ›0m
   ›3m Names            ›0m
   ›3m All objects      ›0m
   ›3m Cameras          ›0m
   ›3m Brushes          ›0m
   ›3m Textures         ›0m
   ›3m Lights           ›0m
   ›3m Meshes           ›0m
   ›3m Spheres          ›0m
   ›3m Boxes            ›0m
   ›3m Cylinders        ›0m
   ›3m Cones            ›0m
   ›3m SOR              ›0m
   ›3m Planes           ›0m
   ›3m CSG              ›0m

›0m›1mSHOW COORDINATES›0m

Switches coordinate display on/off.

›0m›1mSHOW NAMES›0m

Sets the show names mode on/off.

›0m›1mSHOW ALL OBJECTS›0m

Enables the displaying of all types of objects.

›0m›1mSHOW CAMERAS›0m

If this item is selected then the cameras are shown.

›0m›1mSHOW BRUSHES›0m

If this item is selected then the brushes are shown.

›0m›1mSHOW TEXTURES›0m

If this item is selected then the textures are shown.

›0m›1mSHOW LIGHTS›0m

If this item is selected then the lights are shown.

›0m›1mSHOW MESHES›0m

If this item is selected then the meshes are shown.

›0m›1mSHOW SPHERES›0m

If this item is selected then the spheres are shown.

›0m›1mSHOW BOXES›0m

If this item is selected then the boxes are shown.

›0m›1mSHOW CYLINDERS›0m

If this item is selected then the cylinders are shown.

›0m›1mSHOW CONES›0m

If this item is selected then the cones are shown.

›0m›1mSHOW SOR›0m

If this item is selected then the SOR's are shown.

›0m›1mSHOW PLANES›0m

If this item is selected then the planes are shown.

›0m›1mSHOW CSG›0m

If this item is selected then the CSG's are shown.

›0m›1mGlobal›0m

Opens the global settings requester. Here you can change the global scene
settings. The requester is divided in two pages.

On the ›3mfirst page›0m you can set enviroment values.
The 'Background' colorfield sets the color of the background of the rendered
picture.
The 'Ambient' colorfield sets color of the ambient light which is the base
brightness of all objects. In other words: surfaces which are not illuminated
by a light source get the ambient color.
With the 'Backdrop' string gadget you can enter a picture which will replace
the background.
The 'Reflectionmap' string gadget sets the name of a picture which will be
reflected by objects instead of the background. The reflectionmap is even
applied in quick mode.
The global fog parameters are controlled with the gadgets of the next group.
'Length' sets the thickness of the fog. The 'Color' colorfield determines the
color of the fog. 'Height' sets the height at which the fog ends. Global fog
always starts at negative infinity in y direction and and at the specified y
position.

The ›3mnext page›0m of gadgets sets the ›3mantialiasing›0m parameters. The
antialiasing value ranges from 2x2 (low antialiasing) to 8x8 (very high
antialiasing). This slider sets the amount of rays per pixel. 2x2 means that
there are 4 rays casted per pixel. Filter width sets the maximum distance from
the main ray to the additional generated rays in pixels. The 'Contrast'
colorfield sets the minimum contrast. If the contrast of the main pixel against
its four neighbours is higher than this color, RayStorm performs antialiasing
at this pixel. For more information about antialiasing click ›3mhere›0m.
The last group controls soft shadows. The 'Softshadow' cyle gadget sets the level
of oversampling (additional casted rays) for soft shadows. Soft shadows are caused
from light sources with a size bigger than 0. For more information about soft
shadows click ›3mhere›0m. The 'Random jitter' flag switches between normal
and random sampling. With random sampling the sampling position is calculated
randomly.

›0m›1mBROWSER›0m

Switches the object browser on/off.

›0m›1mMATERIAL MANAGER›0m

Switches the material manager on/off.

›0m›1mATTRIBUTES›0m

Opens the attribute requester for the currently selected object, if no object
is selected no requester is opened.
Here you can set the parameters which determine the apperance of the surface.
The requester is divided into three groups:
- ›3mSurface›0m
  At this page you can set the base apperance of the surface.
  - Diffuse
    The diffuse reflection falls off as the cosine of the angle between
    the normal and the ray to the light. Diffuse reflection determines
    the main color of the object.
  - Ambient
    This determines the color of the object in sections which are in
    shadow.
  - Specular
    Specularly reflected highlights fall off as the cosine of the angle
    between the reflected ray and the ray to the light source.
  - Diffuse Transmission
    Same as diffuse reflection, but only used if the lightsource is on
    opposite side of surface. Only applied if tranlucency is not 0.
  - Transparence
    Transparent color.
  - Specular Transmission
    Same as specular reflection, but only used if the lightsource is on
    opposite side of surface. Only applied if tranlucency is not 0.
  - Reflectivity
    Reflective color.
  - Translucency
    Specular transmittance.
  - Reflection exponent
    Determines the size of the specularly reflected highlights, the higher
    the smaller the highlight.
  - Index of refraction
    Determines how the ray through transparent objects is refracted, the
    higher the more.
  - Transmission exponent
    Same as specular reflection exponent, but only used if the lightsource
    is on opposite side of surface.
  - Fog length
  - Bright
    The brightness of the surface is everywhere the same. Light sources don't
    affect the surface, no shadows are visible on the surface, but the object
    casts shadows.
- ›3mBrush›0m
  Brushes are pictures which are projected to the surface. They can replace
  different surface parameters as color, transparency, reflectivity and
  specularity. Additional with altitude mapping brushes can change the normals
  of the surface to simulate bumps or other structures which go 'in' or come
  'out' of the surface.
  There are three wrap methods available:
  - flat (Flat)
    The brush is projected to X-Y plane.
  - cylindrical around x- or y-axis (WrapX and WrapY)
    The brush is wrapped around the x or y-axis, like on a cylinder. The left
    edge of the brush begins at the posititve x-axis and wraps the brush around
    the cylinder from 'west' to 'east'.
  - spherical (WrapXY)
    Wrapping both: around x- and y-axis. It is assumed, that the object is a
    sphere. The y-axis is the north/south pole of the spherical mapping. The
    left edge of the brush begins at the positive x-axis and wraps the brush
    around the sphere from 'west' to 'east'. The brush covers the sphere
    exactly once.
  Additional brushes can be repeated and mirrored (only for flat or cylindrical
  mapping). If 'Soft' is selected, the color between two points of the brush is
  softly interpolated.
  RayStorm has integrated loader modules for IFF-ILBM, Targa, JPEG and PNG pictures.
  Also Datatypes (including the new 24 bit versions) are supported, so you can
  load nearly each picture format.
  The position, alignment and size of the brush can be set if you enable the
  ›3mshow brushes›0m menu item.
- ›3mTexture›0m
  Textures are mathematical generated patterns. Textures can change color,
  reflectivity, transparency and normals of a surface. Textures are controlled
  with a set of 16 parameters.
  The position, alignment and size of the texture can be set if you enable the
  ›3mshow textures›0m menu item.

›0m›1mPreview›0m
  Renders a preview of the surface on a sphere (only for KS 3.0 and better).
  The light source is always placed right top before the sphere.
  All surface attributes can be viewed here except brushes and fog.
  If reflectivity is set the RayStorm logo is reflected on the surface.
›0m›1mSave›0m
  Saves the surface data.
›0m›1mLoad›0m
  Loads surface data.

›0m›1mSettings›0m

Opens the ›3msettings requester›0m for the currently selected object.
On the first page you can set the name, track, invert CSG flag, position, alignment
and size of an object.
With ›0m›3mTrack›0m you can set the name of an object the object will track to.
This means that the object will always point with it's z direction to the axis
of the track object.
If the object can be used for CSG then you can invert it with the invert CSG
flag.

With the second page you can change object settings. The contents of
this page depends on the object type.
  ›3mCamera           ›0m
  ›3mCone             ›0m
  ›3mCSG              ›0m
  ›3mCylinder         ›0m
  ›3mDirectional light›0m
  ›3mMesh             ›0m
  ›3mPoint light      ›0m
  ›3mSOR              ›0m
  ›3mSpot light       ›0m

›0m›1mCAMERA SETTINGS›0m

With the ›3mcamera settings requester›0m you can set various paramaters, which
influence the camera.

›0m›3mFocal distance›0m and ›0m›3mAperture›0m set the parameters for
›3mDepth of Field›0m. If you select ›0m›3mFocus Track›0m and the camera tracks
to an object the focal distance of the camera is automatically set to the
distance between camera and track. ›0m›3mFast DOF›0m enables a faster version
of the algorithm which can't handle transparent and reflective objects in the
right way.

With the values of ›0m›3mHorizontal›0m and ›0m›3mVertical›0m field of view you
can set the opening angle of the camera lens. If you activate the button
›0m›3mTake VFOV from resolution›0m Scenario calculates the vertical field of
view (VFOV) from the resolution and the horizontal field of view (HFOV). An
Example will demonstrate this. You selected a HFOV of 30 degree and a
resolution of 800x600 pixels. This means that the VFOV is
  600 / 800 * 30 = 22.5 degree.

›0m›1mCONE SETTINGS›0m

The ›3mcone settings›0m requester has a checkmark item with which
you can remove the bottom cap. Note that a cone without caps should not be
used with ›3mCSG›0m.

›0m›1mCSG SETTINGS›0m

The ›3mCSG settings›0m requester has a cycle gadget to select
the CSG operation. See ›3mhere›0m for more about CSG.

›0m›1mCYLINDER SETTINGS›0m

The ›3mcylinder settings›0m requester has two checkmark items with which
you can remove the top and bottom caps. Note that a cylinder without caps should
not be used with ›3mCSG›0m.

›0m›1mMESH SETTINGS›0m

The mesh settings requester is different for external and normal object.

For normal objects the requester looks like ›3mthis›0m.

If ›0m›3mNo phong shading›0m is activated the mesh object is rendered
without soft interpolation of the surface brightness. The object looks
like made of single facetts.

For external objects the requester looks like ›3mthis›0m.

›0m›3mObject filename›0m sets the the name of the external object which is
attached with the mesh object.

If ›0m›3mApply surface to childs›0m is activated the surface of the mesh
object is applied to the surface of the attached external object.

›0m›1mPOINT AND DIRECTIONAL LIGHT SETTINGS›0m

With the ›3mlight settings requester›0m you can set various paramaters which
influence the light.

›0m›3mColor›0m sets the color of the light source.

›0m›3mFalloff›0m is the distance where the intensity of the light source is
zero. A value of zero disables it.

If ›0m›3mFalloff from track distance›0m is set, Scenario sets the falloff
distance to the distance to the track. This option is only selectable if the
light source is tracking to another object.

›0m›3mCast shadows›0m enables the light source to cast shadows.

›0m›3mLens flares›0m enables the ›3mlens flare settings›0m.

›0m›3mVisible light›0m enables the ›3mvisible light settings›0m.

In the ›0m›3mShadowmap›0m section you can set values concerning the shadowmap of
this light source. For more information to shadow maps click ›3mhere›0m.

›0m›1mSOR SETTINGS›0m

The ›3mSOR settings›0m requester has two checkmark items with which
you can remove the top and bottom caps. Note that a sor without caps should
not be used with ›3mCSG›0m.
With the cycle gadget you can select the algorithm which is used for rendering
the SOR. If the object don't looks like it should after you rendered it, select
the slow and accurate algorithm, else use the fast algorithm.

›0m›1mSPOT LIGHT SETTINGS›0m

With the ›3mlight settings requester›0m you can set various paramaters which
influence the light.

›0m›3mColor›0m sets the color of the light source.

›0m›3mFalloff›0m is the distance where the intensity of the light source is
zero. A value of zero disables it.

If ›0m›3mFalloff from track distance›0m is set, Scenario sets the falloff
distance to the distance to the track. This option is only selectable if the
light source is tracking to another object.

›0m›3mOpening angle›0m sets the opening angle of a spotlightsource in degree.

›0m›3mSoft Spot %›0m is a value that determines how big the area is where the
light intensity of the spot light gradually gets lower. A value of 100 % means
that the whole area which is lit by the spot light receives the full light
intensity. 50 % means for example that there is full intensity from the center
of the spot to 50 % of the opening angle and then the intensity gets lower and
lower until an intensity of zero at the opening angle.

›0m›3mCast shadows›0m enables the light source to cast shadows.

›0m›3mLens flares›0m enables the ›3mlens flare settings›0m.

›0m›3mVisible light›0m enables the ›3mvisible light settings›0m.

In the ›0m›3mShadowmap›0m section you can set values concerning the shadowmap of
this light source. For more information to shadow maps click ›3mhere›0m.

›0m›1mLENS FLARES›0m

With the ›3mlens flare settings›0m you can create and change lens flares.

Lens flares only appear when the light source is visible. They appear on an
axis which runs from the center of the light source through the center of the
screen. The position of the flare is relative to the light source it belongs
to. If the position value is zero, the flare appears at the position of the
light source. Higher values of position move it towards the center of the
screen.
Here are some example values and their meaning:

   0 : flare has the same position as the light source
 100 : flare is in the middle of the screen
 200 : flare is on opposite side of the light source

You can also set position to negative values, so the flare will appear behind
the light source.

The radius of the flare is relative to the horizontal render resolution.
For example: A flare with radius of 20 % renderd with a resolution of 320x200
will have a radius of 0.2*320 = 64 pixels.

›0m›1mType›0m is global to all flares and can be one of the following
identifiers:

Disc
  A flare which looks like a disc
Polygon n
  A flare which looks like a polygon. n is the number of edges.

›0m›1mTilt›0m is also global to all flares and sets the angle the flares
are rotated.

›0m›1mFunction›0m can be one of the following:

Plain
  the color of the flare is uniform
Ring
  intensity drops exponential from the border to the center
Radial
  varies the color of the flare radial around the flare center
Exponent 1
  intensity drops exponential from the border to the center
Exponent 2
  intensity drops exponential from the border to the center

The flares can either be selected by their number with the slider at top
of the requester, or in the display area of the requester by clicking with
the mouse on it.

›0m›1mVISIBLE LIGHT›0m

With the ›3mvisible light settings›0m you can change the appearance of the
light source.

In reality, a light source looks like a star with several spikes getting out
of the center of the light source. Usually there's a halo around it too.

The radius (length of the longest spike) of the star is relative to the
horizontal render resolution (see ›3mLens Flares›0m).

The radius of the halo is relative to the radius of the star itself. A value
of 100 % means, that the halo has the same radius as the star.
The radius of the inner halo is relative to the radius of the outer halo. A
value of 100 % means, that the inner halo has the same radius as the outer
halo.
Ring color sets the color of the halo.

The range value determines the difference between the longest and the shortes
spike of the star. A value of 0 % means that all spikes have the same length,
whereas 100 % means that the shortest spike has zero length.

The tilt angle rotates the star spikes.

The higher the noise value the more noisier the spikes are.

Intensity sets the brightness of the spikes

Color sets the color of the spikes.

›0m›1mHow are the spikes computed ?›0m
The four spikes in the main directions (0, 90, 180, 270 degrees) always have
maximum length. Spikes between them (45, 135, ... degrees for example) are
shorter and again spikes between them are shorter and so on.

If you enable random, the length of the spikes is randomly changed.

›0m›1mGROUP›0m

Groups the selected objects.

›0m›1mUNGROUP›0m

Ungroups the selected objects.

›0m›1mLOAD›0m

Loads an external object. Currently RayStorm, Imagine, Lightwave, Autodesk
3D-Studio, NFF and RAW objects are supported. Scenario generates an axis and adds
the object as childs of it.


›0m›1mImagine TDDD-file›0m
Supported:
   surfaces
   brushes and textures
   triangles (with correct handling of sharp edges)
   perfect spheres
   planes
›0m›1mLigtwave LWOB-file›0m
Supported:
   surfaces
   triangles
   quads
Not supported:
   textures
   brushes
   sub surfaces of polygons
›0m›1mAutodesk 3D-Studio 3DS-file›0m
Supported:
   surfaces
   triangles (with correct handling of sharp edges)

After loading the name of the object file can be changed with the ›3mmesh settings›0m
requester.

›0m›1mSAVE›0m

Saves an object and it's childs in RayStorm object file format. You can only
save objects from the root level of the object tree. This means you cannot
save child objects. You also cannot save external objects.

›0m›1mPRIMITIVES›0m

   ›3m Sphere     ›0m
   ›3m Box        ›0m
   ›3m Cylinder   ›0m
   ›3m Cone       ›0m
   ›3m SOR        ›0m
   ›3m Plane      ›0m
   ›3m Camera     ›0m
   ›3m CSG        ›0m

›0m›1mSPHERE›0m

Creates a new sphere at position <0,0,0> with radius 1.

›0m›1mBOX›0m

Creates a new box at position <0,0,0> with the left, bottom, front edge
at <-1,-1,-1> and the right, top, back edge at <1,1,1>.

›0m›1mCONE›0m

Creates a new cone at position <0,0,0> with the rotation axis pointing
in y direction. The height is 1 and both x and z radius are also 1.

›0m›1mSOR›0m

Creates a new ›3mSOR›0m (surface of revolution) at position <0,0,0> with
the rotation axis pointing in y direction. The height is 1 and both x
and z radius are also 1.
The created SOR has four control points.

›0m›1mCYLINDER›0m

Creates a new cylinder at position <0,0,0> with the rotation axis pointing
in y direction. The height is 1 and both x and z radius are also 1.

›0m›1mPLANE›0m

Creates a new plane at position <0,0,0> with the normal pointing in positive
y direction.

›0m›1mCAMREA›0m

Creates a new pinhole camera at position <0,0,0> with a horizontal and
vertical field of view of 25 degree witch is pointing in positive z
direction.

›0m›1mCSG›0m

Creates a new CSG object at position <0,0,0>.

›0m›1mLIGHTS›0m

   ›3m Directional light›0m
   ›3m Point light      ›0m
   ›3m Spot light       ›0m

›0m›1mPOINT LIGHT›0m

Creates a new point light source at position <0,0,0>.

›0m›1mSPOT LIGHT›0m

Creates a new spot light source at position <0,0,0> with a opening angle of
45 degree pointing in negative y direction.

›0m›1mDIRECTIONAL LIGHT›0m

Creates a new directional light source at position <0,0,0>.


›0m›1mMESHES›0m

   ›3m Axis             ›0m
   ›3m Sphere           ›0m
   ›3m Box              ›0m
   ›3m Cylinder         ›0m
   ›3m Cone             ›0m
   ›3m Plane            ›0m
   ›3m Torus            ›0m

›0m›1mAXIS›0m

Creates a new axis at position <0,0,0> with size <1,1,1>. An axis can be used
to track a camera or a spot lightsource on it.

›0m›1mBox›0m

Creates a box at position <0,0,0>. You can set the size of the box with a
requester.

›0m›1mSPHERE›0m

Creates a spere at position <0,0,0>. You can set the size, the divisions and
the slices with a requester.

›0m›1mPlane›0m

Creates a plane at position <0,0,0> with normal pointing in positive y-
direction. You can set the divisions with a requester.

›0m›1mTUBE›0m

Creates a cylinder at position <0,0,0>. You can set the size, the height, the
divisions, the slices and if it's a closed cylinder with a requester.

›0m›1mCONE›0m

Creates a cone at position <0,0,0>. You can set the size, height, divisions,
slices, and if the cone is closen with a requester.

›0m›1mTORUS›0m

Creates a torus at position <0,0,0>. You can set the inner and outer size, the
division and slices with a requester.

›0m›1mACTIVE CAMERA›0m

You can select the active camera.

›0m›1mNEW›0m

Creates a new material.

›0m›1mLOAD NEW›0m

Opens a file requester and let you select a material file. A new material
is created an the material file data is assigned to it.

›0m›1mREMOVE UNUSED›0m

Remove all material items which are not assigned to a object.

›0m›1mREMOVE IDENTICAL›0m

Remove all materials which have are identical. Only one of this identical
materials is left.

›0m›1mPREFS›0m

Opens the preferences requester.

The ›3m'Paths'-page›0m let you set various paths.

›0m›1mViewer›0m
   Sets the path and name of the viewer. This viewer is used to display the
   images generated by RayStorm. The filename of the image is appended to the
   end of the string. You have specify the whole path, for example not
   'multiview' but 'sys:utilities/multiview'.
›0m›1mProject path›0m
   Sets the default path for projects
›0m›1mObject path›0m
   Sets the default path for objects.
›0m›1mTexture path›0m
   Sets the default path for textures.
›0m›1mBrush path›0m
   Sets the default path for brushes.

The ›3m'Flags'-page›0m let you set various flags.

›0m›1mAlways show coordinates›0m
   The 3d coordinates of the mouse pointer are displayed for front, right and
   top. If a object is transformed, the relative coordinates, rotation angles
   or scale fctors are displayed
›0m›1mExternal toolbar images›0m
   If this flag is set, Scenario loads it's images from image files in the
   'buttons'-drawer, else the buildin images are used. The images are loaded
   with datatypes. The size of the images is determined by the size of the
   first button (new.iff).
   Kick 2.x users will always get the buildin images. You have to restart
   Scenario when you change this option.

On the ›3m'Misc'-page›0m you can set the undo memory size:

›0m›1mUndo memory kB›0m
   Sets the maximum amount of memory used for undo informations. Old undo
   operations are deleted if the memory limit is reached.
›0m›1mJPEG quality›0m
   Sets the picture quality of the jpeg saver.
›0m›1mRender task priority›0m
   This sets the priority of the background task which is used for rendering.
   The default value is -1.
›0m›1mRender task stack›0m
   Sets the stack of the render task. The default value of 32kB should be
   enough even for complex scenes. If you have scenes with many reflective
   or transparent objects, you can increase this value.

On the ›3m'Color'-page›0m you can set the colors.

›0m›1mAxis›0m
   The color of the object axis.
›0m›1mBackground›0m
   The background color.
›0m›1mBrush›0m
   The color of the brushes.
›0m›1mCamera›0m
   The color of the camera.
›0m›1mGrid›0m
   The grid color.
›0m›1mHotspot›0m
   The color of the click point of the object axis.
›0m›1mUnselected object›0m
   The color of unselected objects.
›0m›1mSelected object›0m
   The color of selected objects.
›0m›1mSelection box›0m
   The color of the box which marks a selected object.
›0m›1mText›0m
   The color of text.
›0m›1mTexture›0m
   The color of the textures.
›0m›1mLight›0m
   The color of the light sources.

›0m›1mMUI›0m

Opens the MUI preferences.

›0m›1mLOAD›0m

Loads the preferences from a file called 'scenario.prefs'.

›0m›1mSAVE›0m

Saves the preferences to a file called 'scenario.prefs'. Scenario also saves the sizes
and positions of the file requesters it uses. If you want to have the file requesters
with the size and position you want, then open them, size and place them and
close them with ›0m›1mOk›0m (NOTE: if you leave them with ›0m›1mCancel›0m the
size and position is not saved). Then select ›0m›1mSave›0m form the ›0m›1mPrefs›0m
menu. The next time you start Scenario the sizes and positions are the same.
The weight of the object browser and the material manager are also saved in this
preferences file.

›0m›1mBUTTONS›0m

The first three buttons handle the project management (new, load
and save project.

The next six buttons are for editing and modifying mesh objects.

The next six buttons are for selecting the view (front, right, top,
perspective, quad and camera view).

The following three buttons select the display type. (bounding box,
wireframe and solid display (OpenGL)).

The next button determines if an selected object is moved, rotated and scaled
in the world or the local object coordinate system.

After this are six buttons to select the edit mode (move, rotate, scale object
and move, rotate, scale world).

The next three buttons enable the X, Y and Z-axis.

›0m›1mOBJECT MENUS›0m

Sceneario supports object oriented menus. These menus are shown when you click
the right mouse button inside the work area and hold it. Scenario then pops
up a menu. The contents of this menu depends on the object which is found at
this position.

›0m›1mWorld menu›0m

The world menu is shown if you click on a place where no object is placed.
The menu contents follwing points:

Move:       switch to move world
Rotate:     switch to rotate (the virtual camera is rotated around the view
            point (only perspective mode))
Zoom:       zoom in or out
Settings:   opens the general settings requester

›0m›1mObject menu›0m

The object menu pops up if you click on the handle of the object.
The menu contents follwing points:

Move:       switch to mode move object
Rotate:     switch to rotate object (the object is rotated around it's local
            axis)
Scale:      switch to scale object
Settings:   opens the ›3msettings›0m requester
Attributes: opens the surface ›3mattributes›0m
            requester

›0m›1mCamera menu›0m

The camera menu pops up if you click on the handle of a camera
The menu contents follwing points:

Move, Rotate, Scale, Settings: see object menu
Settings:   opens the ›3mcamera settings›0m requester
Active:     sets this camera as the active camera (the scene is viewed with
            this camera)

›0m›1mLight menu›0m

Opens the light popup menu.
The menu contents follwing points:

Move, Rotate, Scale, Settings: see object menu
Settings:   opens the ›3mdirectional light source settings›0m,
            ›3mpoint light source settings›0m or ›3mspot light source settings›0m
            requester
›0m›1mMesh menu›0m

Opens the mesh popup menu.
The menu contents follwing points:

Move, Rotate, Scale, Settings: see object menu
Settings:   opens the ›3mMesh settings›0m requester
Attributes: see object menu
To scene:   convert external to scene objects

›0m›1mKEYBOARD CONTROL›0m

ESC          break redraw
cursor keys  Function depends on the curren edit mode (move, rotate, scale of
             world or object).
DEL          delete selected objects
'+'          zooms in
'-'          zooms out
'm'          switches to move object action
'r'          switches to rotate object action
's'          switches to scale object action
'M'          switches to move world action
'R'          switches to rotate world action
'S'          switches to scale world action
't'          opens settings requester
'a'          opens attributes requester
'1'          switches to front view
'2'          switches to right view
'3'          switches to top view
'4'          switches to perspective view
'5'          switches to quad view
'6'          switches to camera view
'b'          toggles box selection mode
'x'          enable x axis
'y'          enable y axis
'z'          enable z axis
'X'          enable x axis and disabled all other
'Y'          enable y axis and disabled all other
'Z'          enable z axis and disabled all other

'F1'         render settings

'R-Amiga' - '.'   Center view

›0m›1mSCENARIO AREXX INTERFACE›0m

   ›3mIntroduction›0m
   ›3mAddress     ›0m
   ›3mParameters  ›0m
   ›3mCommands    ›0m
   ›3mErrors      ›0m

›0m›1mSCNEARIO AREXX INTRODUCTION›0m

Starting with version 2.1 Scenario now has a ARexx port. Through this port
mostly all Scenario commands can be reached. One can create, select, deselct,
move, rotate and scale objects.

It's the same if you write the the commands in upper case or lower case.
But it's important to enclose all commans in quotes because ARexx tries
to interpret the line before it sends it to the potz. It may happen that the
line is changed and RayStorm don't do what you expect.

›0m›1mSCENARIO AREXX ADDRESS›0m

The ARexx address of Scenario is 'SCENARIO.n' where n is the number of the
copy of Scenario if it is started more than once. The address is also given
in the about box.

›0m›1mSCENARIO AREXX COMMANDS›0m

›0m›1mAlphabetically sorted›0m

›0m›1m-A-›0m
  ›3m ADDMATERIAL    ›0m
  ›3m AASSIGNMATERIAL›0m
  ›3m AASSIGNMATERIALTOSELECTED›0m
›0m›1m-C-›0m
  ›3m CAMERA2VIEWER  ›0m
  ›3m COPY           ›0m
  ›3m CREATEOBJECT   ›0m
  ›3m CUT            ›0m
›0m›1m-D-›0m
  ›3m DELETE         ›0m
  ›3m DELETEMATERIAL ›0m
  ›3m DISPLAY        ›0m
›0m›1m-G-›0m
  ›3m GETOBJECTALIGN ›0m
  ›3m GETOBJECTPOS   ›0m
  ›3m GETOBJECTSIZE  ›0m
  ›3m GETSLEOBJNAME  ›0m
  ›3m GROUP          ›0m
›0m›1m-L-›0m
  ›3m LOADMATERIAL   ›0m
  ›3m LOADOBJECT     ›0m
›0m›1m-N-›0m
  ›3m NEW            ›0m
›0m›1m-O-›0m
  ›3m OPEN           ›0m
›0m›1m-P-›0m
  ›3m PASTE          ›0m
›0m›1m-R-›0m
  ›3m REDO           ›0m
  ›3m REDRAW         ›0m
  ›3m RENDER         ›0m
›0m›1m-S-›0m
  ›3m SAVE           ›0m
  ›3m SAVEMATERIAL   ›0m
  ›3m SAVEOBJECT     ›0m
  ›3m SELECT         ›0m
  ›3m SELECTBYNAME   ›0m
  ›3m SETOBJECTALIGN ›0m
  ›3m SETOBJECTPOS   ›0m
  ›3m SETOBJECTSIZE  ›0m
  ›3m SHOW           ›0m
›0m›1m-U-›0m
  ›3m UNDO           ›0m
  ›3m UNGROUP        ›0m
›0m›1m-V-›0m
  ›3m VIEW           ›0m
›0m›1m-Z-›0m
  ›3m ZOOM           ›0m

›0m›1mADDMATERIAL›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 MATERIAL/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING
   name of new material
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 see ›3mhere›0m

›0m›1mASSIGNMATERIAL›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 MATERIAL/A,OBJECT/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING
   name of material
 STRING
   name of object
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 assigns a material to an object

›0m›1mASSIGNMATERIALTOSELECTED›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 MATERIAL/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING
   name of material
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 assigns material to all selected objects

›0m›1mCAMERA2VIEWER›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 none
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 none
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 see ›3mhere›0m

›0m›1mCOPY›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 none
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 none
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 see ›3mhere›0m

›0m›1m›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 WHICH/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING [AXIS,BOX,CAMERA,CONE,CSG,CYLINDER,DIRECTIONALLIGHT,SOR,PLANE,POINTLIGHT,SPHERE,SPOTLIGHT]
   Object type
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 see ›3mhere›0m

›0m›1mCUT›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 none
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 none
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 see ›3mhere›0m

›0m›1mDELETE›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 none
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 none
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 see ›3mhere›0m

›0m›1mDELETEMATERIAL›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 MATERIAL/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING
   name of material to delete
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 deletes a material

›0m›1mDISPLAY›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 MODE/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING [BBOX,WIRE,SOLID]
   display mode
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the current display mode.

›0m›1mGETOBJECTALIGN›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 NAME/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING
   Name of object
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Returns the alignment of an object in degree. It returns a string of the format
 "<alignx,aligny,alignz>".

›0m›1mGETOBJECTPOS›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 NAME/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING
   Name of object
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Returns the position of an object. It returns a string of the format
 "<positionx,positiony,positionz>".

›0m›1mGETOBJECTSIZE›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 NAME/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING
   Name of object
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Returns the size of an object. It returns a string of the format
 "<sizex,sizey,sizez>".

›0m›1mGETSELOBJNAME›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 none
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 none
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Returns the name of the selected object. If more than one object is selected, the
 name of the first selected object is returned.

›0m›1mGROUP›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 none
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 none
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 see ›3mhere›0m

›0m›1mLOADMATERIAL›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 NAME/A,FILE/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING
   name of material
 STRING
   file name
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 creates a new material an loads the material data from a file

›0m›1mLOADOBJECT›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 FILE/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING
   filename
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 see ›3mhere›0m

›0m›1mNEW›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 none
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 none
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 see ›3mhere›0m

›0m›1mOPEN›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 FILE/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING
   file name
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 see ›3mhere›0m

›0m›1mPASTE›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 none
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 none
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 see ›3mhere›0m

›0m›1mREDO›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 none
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 none
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 see ›3mhere›0m

›0m›1mREDRAW›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 none
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 none
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 see ›3mhere›0m

›0m›1m›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 none
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 none
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 renders the current scene

›0m›1mSAVE›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 FILE/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING
   file name
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 see ›3mhere›0m

›0m›1mSAVEMATERIAL›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 NAME/A,FILE/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING
   name of material
 STRING
   file name
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 saves the material data to a file

›0m›1mSAVEOBJECT›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 FILE/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING
   filename
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 see ›3mhere›0m

›0m›1mSELECT›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 WHAT/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING [ALL,NONE,NEXT,PREV]
   Specifies what to select
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 ALL: see ›3mhere›0m.
 NONE: see ›3mhere›0m.
 NEXT: see ›3mhere›0m.
 PREV: see ›3mhere›0m.

›0m›1mSELECTBYNAME›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 NAME/A,MULTI/S
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING
   Specifies the name of the object to select
 BOOL
   If specified, multi select is enablde
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Selects an object by it's name.

›0m›1mSETOBJECTPOS›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 POS/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 VECTOR
   New position.
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the position of the selected object(s).

›0m›1mSETOBJECTPOS›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 ALIGN/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 VECTOR
   New alignment (in degree).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the alignment of the selected object(s).

›0m›1mSETOBJECTSIZE›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 SIZE/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 VECTOR
   New size.
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the size of the selected object(s).

›0m›1mSHOW›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 WHAT/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING [NAMES,ALL,CAMERAS,BRUSHES,TEXTURES,LIGHTS,MESHES,SPHERES,BOXES,CYLINDERS,CONES,SORS,PLANES,CSGS]
   specifies what to show/hide
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Toggles the show flag of the specified object type.

›0m›1mUNDO›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 none
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 none
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 see ›3mhere›0m

›0m›1mUNGROUP›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 none
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 none
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 see ›3mhere›0m

›0m›1mVIEW›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 MODE/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING [CAMERA,FRONT,RIGHT,TOP,PERSPECTIVE,QUAD]
   view mode (QUAD toggles)
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 sets the current view mode

›0m›1mSELECT›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 CMD/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING [FIT,FOCUS,IN,OUT]
   Specifies the zoom sub command.
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 FIT: see ›3mhere›0m.
 FOCUS: see ›3mhere›0m.
 IN: see ›3mhere›0m.
 OUT: see ›3mhere›0m.

›0m›1mSCENARIO AREXX ERRORS›0m

These values are returned when something went wrong.

›0m›1mApplication errors›0m

  1   Failed
      Genaral error if command failed.
  2   Invalid argument
      You specified an invalid argument.
  3   Invalid vector
      You specified an invalid vector.

›0m›1mTIPS & TRICKS›0m

›0m›1mGeneral›0m
- RayStorm renders faster if you don't use planes, because intersections
  with planes cannot be calculated with the octree (helpfull in scenes with
  motion blur or soft shadows).

›0m›1mScenario›0m

- ›0m›1mThe 020-Version of Scenario crashes!›0m
  In Kickstart V40.x, there is a bug in mathieeesingbas.library - it uses FPU
  code on non-FPU machines for division/multiplication. This bug can be easily
  fixed with a patch from Aminet: ›0m›3mutil/boot/PatchMathSB10.lha›0m
- ›0m›1mI have problems with the screen refresh, the scene is only refreshed
  behind the requester!›0m
  Open the ›3mMUI-settings›0m requester and select from the window
  part for "Refresh" the "Smart"-mode.
- ›0m›1mHow can I change the texture and brush names without removing and adding
  them again?›0m
  Select ›3mView->Show->Show Textures›0m or ›3mView->Show->Show Brushes›0m
  and select the texture or brush. Now open the ›3msettings-requester›0m and change
  the name of the brush or texture.
- ›0m›1mHow can I change the name of an RSOB/TDDD/LWOB/3DS/RAW-object without deleting
  and reloding it?›0m
  Select ›3mSettings›0m from the object menu of the parent axis. Here you
  can change the name of the object.
- ›0m›1mHow can I load my old Imagine attribute files to use it for RayStorm
  objects?›0m
  Load the attributes file with ›3mload object›0m. You will get an axis
  named 'Mesh' with another axis attached to it. The surface of this axis is set
  to the attributes of the file. Click with the right mouse button to the parent
  axis and select ›3mTo scene›0m. The parent axis is no deleted
  and can now open the attributes requester for the child axis. Select save from
  the ›3mattributes requester›0m and save the surface as a RayStorm material file.
- ›0m›1mIf I apply a checker texture to a plane looks noisy!›0m
  If the texture is exactly on the plane, the color of the texture jumps
  between black and white because of rounding errors. Try to move the texture
  axis a little (e.g. 0.02) away from the plane.
- ›0m›1mHow can I switch on shadows?›0m
  You must turn off Quick Rendering in Render settings. In addition to that turn
  on cast shadows in the light settings.
- ›0m›1mDepth of Field doesn't seem to work. I changed the aperture and the focal distance,
  but nothing happens.›0m
  You must increase the antialiasing value >1.

›0m›1mRayStorm Script›0m
- The commands '›3mTEXTUREPATH›0m', '›3mOBJECTPATH›0m' and '›3mBRUSHPATH›0m' are relative
  to the directory RayStorm is started from.
- If RayStorm crashes with scenes with reflections and transparence, try
  to start RayStorm with a larger stack (e.g. 8192 bytes or more).

›0m›1mAREXX INTERFACE›0m

   ›3mIntroduction›0m
   ›3mAddress     ›0m
   ›3mParameters  ›0m
   ›3mCommands    ›0m
   ›3mErrors      ›0m

›0m›1mAREXX INTRODUCTION›0m

RayStorm is completly controled through it's ARexx interface. We recommend
that you have a look at the ›3mtuturials›0m and the ›3mexample›0m
script files in the 'ARexx' directory.
These examples cover most of the features of RayStorm. Further we encourage you
to create your own files and make them available for the public. You can send
them to us and we might add them as an example files in the next version of
RayStorm or we include them to our ›3mHomepage›0m.
In one of the next versions of RayStorm we'll create a more powerful
language, which has a similar syntax as C++.

It's the same if you write the the commands in upper case or lower case.
But it's important to enclose all commans in quotes because ARexx tries
to interpret the line before it sends it to the potz. It may happen that the
line is changed and RayStorm don't do what you expect.

A typical structure of a scene file is:

/* title, comments, ... */

/* setting resolution, world, camera, lightsources */
'SETSCREEN 160 128'
'SETWORLD [0,0,0] [40,40,40]'
'SETCAMERA <0,0,80> <0,0,0> <0,1,0> 25 20'
'POINTLIGHT <10,-10,100> [255,255,255] SHADOW'

/* define surfaces and actors */
'NEWSURFACE TEST1'
'AMBIENT [255,0,0]'
'DIFFUSE [255,0,0]'
'SPECULAR [255,255,255]'

'NEWSURFACE TEST2'
'AMBIENT [0,0,255]'

/* creating objects */
'SPHERE TEST1 <0,0,0> 10'
'SPHERE TEST2 <0,0,0> 10'

/* finally start to render the scene */
'STARTRENDER'

/* save the image */
'SAVEPIC "test.iff"'

'CLEANUP'

›0m›1mAREXX ADDRESS›0m

The ARexx address of RayStorm Script is 'RAYSTORM.n', where n is the number of
the started copy of RayStorm Script.

›0m›1mAREXX PARAMETERS›0m

The parameters of a command can be FLOATs, INTEGERs, VECTORs, COLORs,
STRINGs, and IDENTIFIERs.

FLOAT     An FLOAT is a floating point number with single precision

NUMBER    A NUMBER is a simple integer number

VECTOR    A VECTOR is embedded in '<' '>' and consists of three FLOATs

COLOR     A COLOR is embedded in '[' ']' and consists of three INTEGERs
          which range normally from 0 to 255, but you can also set negative
          values or values above of 255.

STRING    A STRING consists of characters

KEYWORD   An KEYWORD is a switch and consists of uppercase characters

›0m›1mPARAMETER CONVENTIONS›0m
  /S - Switch.
  /N - Number.
  /A - Required.

  All other numeric parameters are floating point numbers.

›0m›1mAREXX COMMANDS›0m

   ›3m General         ›0m
   ›3m Objects         ›0m
   ›3m Attributes      ›0m
   ›3m Animation       ›0m

›0m›1mAlphabetically sorted›0m

›0m›1m-A-›0m
  ›3mALIGNMENT       ›0m
  ›3mAMBIENT         ›0m
  ›3mANTIALIAS       ›0m
›0m›1m-B-›0m
  ›3mBOX             ›0m
  ›3mBRUSH           ›0m
  ›3mBRUSHPATH       ›0m
›0m›1m-C-›0m
  ›3mCLEANUP         ›0m
  ›3mCSG             ›0m
  ›3mCYLINDER        ›0m
›0m›1m-D-›0m
  ›3mDIFFTRANS       ›0m
  ›3mDIFFUSE         ›0m
  ›3mDIRECTIONALLIGHT›0m
  ›3mDISPLAY         ›0m
  ›3mDISTRIB         ›0m
›0m›1m-F-›0m
  ›3mFLARE           ›0m
  ›3mFOGLEN          ›0m
›0m›1m-G-›0m
  ›3mGETERRORSTR     ›0m
›0m›1m-H-›0m
  ›3mHYPERTEXTURE    ›0m
›0m›1m-I-›0m
  ›3mIMTEXTURE       ›0m
›0m›1m-L-›0m
  ›3mLOADOBJ         ›0m
›0m›1m-N-›0m
  ›3mNEWSURFACE      ›0m
›0m›1m-O-›0m
  ›3mOBJECTPATH      ›0m
›0m›1m-P-›0m
  ›3mPLANE           ›0m
  ›3mPOINTLIGHT      ›0m
  ›3mPOSITION        ›0m
›0m›1m-Q-›0m
  ›3mQUIT            ›0m
›0m›1m-R-›0m
  ›3mREFEXP          ›0m
  ›3mREFLECT         ›0m
  ›3mREFRINDEX       ›0m
›0m›1m-S-›0m
  ›3mSAVEPIC         ›0m
  ›3mSETCAMERA       ›0m
  ›3mSETSCREEN       ›0m
  ›3mSETWORLD        ›0m
  ›3mSIZE            ›0m
  ›3mSOR             ›0m
  ›3mSPECTRANS       ›0m
  ›3mSPECULAR        ›0m
  ›3mSPHERE          ›0m
  ›3mSPOTLIGHT       ›0m
  ›3mSTAR            ›0m
  ›3mSTARTRENDER     ›0m
›0m›1m-T-›0m
  ›3mTEXTUREPATH     ›0m
  ›3mTRANSEXP        ›0m
  ›3mTRANSLUC        ›0m
  ›3mTRANSPAR        ›0m
  ›3mTRIANGLE        ›0m
›0m›1m-W-›0m
  ›3mWINTOFRONT      ›0m

›0m›1mGENERAL AREXX-COMMANDS›0m

›3mANTIALIAS       ›0m  sets antialiasing parameters
›3mBRUSHPATH       ›0m  sets brush path
›3mCLEANUP         ›0m  cleanups scene
›3mDIRECTIONALLIGHT›0m  creates directional light source
›3mDISPLAY         ›0m  displays scene
›3mDISTRIB         ›0m  sets parameters for distributive sampling
›3mFLARE           ›0m  add a flare to a light source
›3mGETERRORSTR     ›0m  gets a error string for a given number
›3mOBJECTPATH      ›0m  sets object path
›3mPOINTLIGHT      ›0m  creates point light source
›3mQUIT            ›0m  quits RayStorm
›3mSAVEPIC         ›0m  saves rendered picture
›3mSETCAMERA       ›0m  sets camera parameters
›3mSETSCREEN       ›0m  sets screen parameters
›3mSETWORLD        ›0m  sets world parameters
›3mSPOTLIGHT       ›0m  creates spot light source
›3mSTAR            ›0m  add a light star to a light source
›3mSTARTRENDER     ›0m  starts rendering
›3mTEXTUREPATH     ›0m  sets texture path
›3mWINTOFRONT      ›0m  brings window to front

›0m›1mANTIALIAS›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 SAMPLES/N/A,WIDTH,CONTRIB
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 NUMBER SAMPLES
   Squareroot of number of samples per pixel (max. 8) (default: 1).
 FLOAT WIDTH
   Width of gaussian filter. The range is infinite but values between 1 and
   3 are recommended (default: 1.3).
 COLOR CONTRIB
   Max. allowed contrast (default: [51,38,76]).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets antialiasing parameters (see ›3mAntialiasing›0m)

›0m›1mBRUSHPATH›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 PATH/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING PATH
   pathname (no default).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Defines the path where to search brushes. More than one path may be included
 as long as they are separated by semi-colons.
›0m›1mExample:›0m
 BRUSHPATH 'path1;path2'

›0m›1mCLEANUP›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 none
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 none
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Deletes all defined objects, lightsources, surfaces and actors

›0m›1mDIRECTIONALLIGHT›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 POS/A,DIR,COLOR,SIZE,SHADOW/S,ACTOR,FALLOFF,NOSTAR/S,NOFLARES/S,SHADOWMAP/S,
 SHADOWMAPSIZE/N
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 VECTOR POS
   Position of the directional light (default: <0,0,0,>)
 VECTOR DIR
   Direction the light is shining to (default: <0,0,1,>)
 COLOR COLOR
   Color of the light (default: [255,255,255]). Note: this color also can be
   greater than 255 or negative.
 VECTOR SIZE
   Size of light source (used for ›3msoft shadows›0m) (default 0)
 KEYWORD SHADOW
   Lightsource casts shadows (default: OFF).
 STRING ACTOR
   Name of actor (no default value).
 FLOAT FALLOFF
   Distance where the brightness of the light is zero. A value of 0 switches
   this option off (default: 0).
 KEYWORD NOSTAR
   Disable light star (default: OFF).
 KEYWORD NOFLARES
   Disable lens flares (default: OFF).
 KEYWORD SHADOWMAP
   Enables the shadowmap (default: OFF).
 NUMBER SHADOWMAPSIZE
   Defines the size of the shadowmap (default: 128).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Creates a directional lightsource. The lightsource casts shadows, if the keyword
 SHADOW is given. A ›3mshadowmap›0m will be generated if both the SHADOW and
 SHADOWMAP keywords are given.

›0m›1mDISPLAY›0m

›0m›1m!!! CAUTION !!!
THIS COMMAND ISN'T RELEASED IN THIS VERSION YET
!!! CAUTION !!!›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 FLOYD/S
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 KEYWORD FLOYD/S
   Dither with Floyd-Steinberg algorithm (default: OFF).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Displays rendered pic on screen.

›0m›1mDISTRIB›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 SAMPLES/N,SOFTSHADOW/N
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 NUMBER SAMPLES/N
   Squareroot of number of samples per pixel for motionblur (default 1).
 NUMBER SOFTSHADOW/N
   Squareroot of number of samples per pixel for softshadows (default 1).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets number of samples per pixel for distributive sampling (used for
 ›3mmotion blur›0m and ›3msoft shadows›0m)

›0m›1mGETERRORSTR›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 ERRNUM/N/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 NUMBER ERRNUM
   Error number (no default).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Returns the error string for the given error number

›0m›1mOBJECTPATH›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 PATH/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 PATH
   Pathname (no default).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Defines the path where to search objects. More than one path may be included
 as long as they are separated by semi-colons.
›0m›1mExample:›0m
 OBJECTPATH 'path1;path2'

›0m›1mPOINTLIGHT›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 POS/A,COLOR,SIZE,SHADOW/S,ACTOR,FALLOFF,NOSTAR/S,NOFLARES/S,SHADOWMAP/S,
 SHADOWMAPSIZE/N
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 VECTOR POS
   Position of the pointlight (default: <0,0,0,>)
 COLOR COLOR
   Color of the light (default: [255,255,255]). Note: this color also can be
   greater than 255 or negative.
 VECTOR SIZE
   Size of light source (used for ›3msoft shadows›0m) (default 0)
 KEYWORD SHADOW
   Lightsource casts shadows (default: OFF).
 STRING ACTOR
   Name of actor (no default value).
 FLOAT FALLOFF
   Distance where the brightness of the light is zero. A value of 0 switches
   this option off (default: 0).
 KEYWORD NOSTAR
   Disable light star (default: OFF).
 KEYWORD NOFLARES
   Disable lens flares (default: OFF).
 KEYWORD SHADOWMAP
   Enables the shadowmap (default: OFF).
 NUMBER SHADOWMAPSIZE
   Defines the size of the shadowmap (default: 128).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Creates a point lightsource. The lightsource casts shadows, if the keyword
 SHADOW is given. A ›3mshadowmap›0m will be generated if both the SHADOW and
 SHADOWMAP keywords are given.

›0m›1mQUIT›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 none
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 none
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Quits Raystrom Script.

›0m›1mSAVEPIC›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 NAME/A,FORMAT
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING NAME
   The name of the picture to save (no default).
 STRING FORMAT
   Image format: TGA, PNG, ILBM, JPEG (default: ILBM).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Saves the rendered picture as a 24-Bit IFF-ILBM-file, 24 Bit TGA file, 24 bit
 JPEG file or 24 Bit PNG file. If an error occures the command returns an error
 string.
›0m›1mExample:›0m
 SAVEPIC 'path/name with extension'

›0m›1mSETCAMERA›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 POS/A,VIEWPOINT,VIEWUP,FOVX,FOVY,FOCALDIST,APERTURE,POSACTOR,VIEWACTOR
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 VECTOR POS
   Position of the camera (default: <0,0,-10>).
 VECTOR VIEWPOINT
   Position to which the camera points to (default: <0,0,0>).
 VECTOR VIEWUP
   View up vector (default: <0,1,0>).
 FLOAT FOVX, FOVY
   Field of view (in degree) (20 degree creates a camera like the default
   camera of Imagine) (default: 45, 45)
 FLOAT FOCALDIST
   Distance from eye to focal plane (default: 1).
 FLOAT APERTURE
   Aperture width (0 = pinhole) (-> ›3mdepth of field›0m) (default: 0).
 STRING POSACTOR
   Name of position actor (no default).
 STRING VIEWACTOR
   Name of look_at_actor (no default).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the parameters of the camera

›0m›1mSETSCREEN›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 RESX/N/A,RESY/N/A,COLORS/N
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 NUMBER RESX, RESY
   Resolution of the picture (default: 128, 128).
 NUMBER COLORS
   Number of colors (not yet implemented)
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the resolution of the rendered picture. Note that in the demo-version
 the resolution is limited to 160x128 pixels!

›0m›1mSETWORLD›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 BACK/A,AMBIENT,RANDJIT/S,BACKDROP,FOGLEN,FOGHEIGHT,FOGCOLOR,REFLMAP
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 COLOR BACK
   Color of background (default: [0,0,0]). Note: this color also can be
   greater than 255 or negative.
 COLOR AMBIENT
   Ambient color (default: [0,0,0]). Note: this color also can be greater than
   255 or negative.
 KEYWORD RANDJIT
   Use random jitter for ›3mdepth of field›0m and ›3msoft shadows›0m (default: OFF).
 STRING BACKDROP
   Name of the backdrop picture (no default).
 FLOAT FOGLEN
   Global fog length (default: 32).
 FLOAT FOGHEIGHT
   Highest fog y-level (default: 0).
 COLOR FOGCOLOR
   Color of fog (default: [255,255,255]). Note: this color also can be greater
   than 255 or negative.
 STRING REFLMAP
   Name of the reflection map (no default).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets world parameters. The backdrop picture is automatically scaled to
 the screen resolution.

›0m›1mSPOTLIGHT›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 POS/A,COLOR,LOOKPOINT,ANGLE,SIZE,SHADOW/S,ACTOR,LOOKP_ACTOR,FALLOFF,NOSTAR/S,
 NOFLARES/S,SHADOWMAP/S,SHADOWMAPSIZE/N
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 VECTOR POS
   Position of the spotlight (default: <0,0,0,>)
 COLOR COLOR
   Color of light (default: [255,255,255]). Note: this color also can be
   greater than 255 or negative.
 VECTOR LOOKPOINT
   Point at which the spotlight shines (default: <0,0,1>).
 FLOAT ANGLE
   Opening angel in degree (max. 180) (default: 45).
 VECTOR SIZE
   Size of light source (used for ›3msoft shadows›0m) (default 0)
 KEYWORD SHADOW
   Lightsource casts shadows (default: OFF).
 STRING ACTOR
   Name of position actor (no default value).
 STRING LOOKP_ACTOR
   Name of look-point actor (no default value).
 FLOAT FALLOFF
   Distance where the brightness of the light is zero. A value of 0 switches
   this option off (default: 0).
 KEYWORD NOSTAR
   Disable light star (default: OFF).
 KEYWORD NOFLARES
   Disable lens flares (default: OFF).
 KEYWORD SHADOWMAP
   Enables the shadowmap (default: OFF).
 NUMBER SHADOWMAPSIZE
   Defines the size of the shadowmap (default: 128).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Creates a spotlight. The rays emitted from a spotlight are constrained
 by a cone. The LOOKPOINT vector gives the center of the illuminated area.
 The lightsource casts shadows, if the keyword SHADOW is given. A ›3mshadowmap›0m
 will be generated if both the SHADOW and SHADOWMAP keywords are given.

›0m›1mFLARE›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 POS/A,RADIUS/A,COLOR,TYPE,FUNCTION,EDGES/N,TILT
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 FLOAT POS
   Position of the flare on light axis (in percent) (default: 50).
 FLOAT RADIUS
   Radius of the flare (in percent) (default: 10).
 COLOR COLOR
   Color of the flare (default: [50,50,50]). Note: this color also can be
   greater than 255 or negative.
 KEYWORD TYPE [DISC|POLYGON]
   Type of the flare (default: DISC).
 KEYWORD FUNCTION [PLAIN|RING|RADIAL|EXP1|EXP2]
   Look of the flare (default: PLAIN).
 NUMBER EDGES
   Number of edges of polygonal flare (3 - 8 edges possible) (default: 5).
 FLOAT TILT
   Tilt angle of flare (only useful for polygonal flares) (default: 0).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 A new lens flare is added to the last defined light source. Lens flares only
 appear when the light source is visible. They appear on an axis which runs
 from the center of the light source through the center of the screen. The
 position of the flare is relative to the light source it belongs to. If the
 position value is zero, the flare appears at the position of the light source.
 Greater values of pos move it towards the center of the screen. Here a some
 example values and their meaning:

   0 : flare has the same position as the light source
 100 : flare is in the middle of the screen
 200 : flare is on opposite side of the light source

 You can also set pos to negative values, so the flare will appear behind the
 light source.

 The radius of the flare is relative to the horizontal render resolution.
 For example: A flare with radius of 20 % renderd with a resolution of 320x200
 will have a radius of 0.2*320 = 64 pixels.

 ›0m›1mtype›0m can be one of the following identifiers:

 DISC
   A flare which looks like a disc
 POLYGON
   A flare which looks like a polygon. The number of edges can be set with
   edges.

 ›0m›1mfunction›0m can be one of the following identifiers:

 PLAIN
   the color of the flare is uniform
 RING
   the flare looks like a ring
 RADIAL
   varies the color of the flare radial around the flare center

›0m›1mSTAR›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 SPIKES,RADIUS,HALORADIUS,INNERHALORADIUS,RANGE,RANDOM_SEED/N,TILT,NOISE,
 BRIGHTNESS,COLOR,RINGCOLOR
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 NUMBER SPIKES
   Number of spikes (4 - 256) (default: 4).
 FLOAT RADIUS
   Radius of star (in percent) (default: 30).
 FLOAT HALORADIUS
   Radius of star halo (in percent relative to star radius) (default: 20).
 FLOAT INNERHALORADIUS
   Radius of inner star halo (in percent relative to halo radius) (default: 40).
 FLOAT RANGE
   Range between shortest and longest spike (in percent) (default: 0).
 NUMBER RANDOM_SEED
   Random seed value (0-32767) (default: 0).
 FLOAT TILT
   Tilt angle of spikes (in degree) (default: 0).
 FLOAT NOISE
   The higher this value the noisier the spikes (default: 5.0).
 FLOAT BRIGHTNESS
   Brightness of the spikes (default: 40.0).
 COLOR COLOR
   Color of the spikes (default: <1.0, 0.6, 0.6>).
 COLOR RINGCOLOR
   Color of the ring (defualt: <0.156, 0.0392, 0.0196>).

›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 This command makes a light source visible. In reality, a light source looks
 like a star with several spikes getting out of the center of the light source.
 Usually there's a halo around it too.

 The radius (length of the longest spike) of the star is relative to the
 horizontal render resolution (see ›3mFLARE›0m).

 The radius of the halo is relative to the radius of the star itself. A value
 of 100 % means, that the halo has the same radius as the star.
 The radius of the inner halo is relative to the radius of the outer halo. A
 value of 100 % means, that the inner halo has the same radius as the outer
 halo.

 The range value determines the difference between the longest and the shortes
 spike of the star. A value of 0 % means that all spikes have the same length,
 whereas 100 % means that the shortest spike has zero length.

 The spike width value is a factor for the width of the spikes. Higher values
 generate wider spikes.

 ›0m›1mHow are the spikes computed ?›0m
 The four spikes in the main directions (0, 90, 180, 270 degrees) always have
 maximum length. Spikes between them (45, 135, ... degrees for example) are
 shorter and again spikes between them are shorter and so on.

 If you specify a value for random_seed, the length of the spikes is randomly
 changed.

›0m›1mSTARTRENDER›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 QUICK/S,DEPTH/N,FROM,TO,LEFT/N,TOP/N,RIGHT/N,BOTTOM/N,MINOBJECTS/N,HYPERSTEP
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 KEYWORD QUICK
   Render quick (no shadows, reflections and transparency) (default: ON).
 NUMBER DEPTH
   Depth of generated ›3moctree›0m (default: 3).
 FLOAT FROM,TO
   Time code (default 0,0). If you want ›3mmotion blur›0m you have to
   set FROM and TO to different values, else only set FROM (default: 0, 0).
 NUMBER LEFT,TOP,RIGHT,BOTTOM
   Coordinates for rendering box. Picture is renderd only inside of
   rectangle (default: whole picture).
 NUMBER MINOBJECTS
   Minimum amount of objects for which no octree is generated (default: 3).
 FLOAT HYPERSTEP
   Step size for hyper textures (default: 0.1).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Starts rendering process. If you set QUICK shadows, reflections and
 transparency are not calculated. In very complex scenes it is useful to
 increase the octree depth in order to reach a better performance during
 the rendering process. But this can only be done with enough memory!
 Here are values for the file "chess.ray" renderd with a resolution of
 160x128 on a A4000 with 25Mhz 68030 and 57MHz 68882:

 depth  memory [MByte]  init [mm:ss]  cleanup [mm:ss]  render [mm:ss]  total [mm:ss]
   2          1.38         00:12           00:02           09:24          09:38
   3          1.13         00:14           00:04           03:58          04:16
   4          1.55         00:22           00:08           01:50          02:20
   5          2.35         00:41           00:26           01:15          02:22
   6          5.70         01:35           02:38           01:06          05:19

›0m›1mTEXTUREPATH›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 PATH/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 PATH
   Pathname (format: 'path1;path2;...;pathn') (no default).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Defines the path where to search textures. More than one path may be included
 as long as they are separated by semi-colons.
›0m›1mExample:›0m
 TEXTUREPATH 'path1;path2'

›0m›1mWINTOFRONT›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 none
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 none
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Brings RayStorm window in front.

›0m›1mAREXX-COMMANDS FOR CREATING OBJECTS›0m

›3mBOX     ›0m  creates a box
›3mCONE    ›0m  creates a cone object
›3mCSG     ›0m  creates a CSG object
›3mCYLINDER›0m  creates a cylinder
›3mLOADOBJ ›0m  loads an object file
›3mPLANE   ›0m  creates a plane (ground in Imagine)
›3mSOR     ›0m  creates a surface of revolution
›3mSPHERE  ›0m  creates a sphere
›3mTRIANGLE›0m  creates a triangle

›0m›1mBOX›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 SURF/A,POS/A,LOWBOUNDS,HIGHBOUNDS,ALIGN,ACTOR,INVERTED/S
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING SURF
   Name of surface (no default).
 VECTOR POS
   Center of box (default: <0,0,0>).
 VECTOR LOWBOUNDS
   Left, front, bottom edge relative to position (default: <-1,-1,-1>).
 VECTOR HIGHBOUNDS
   Right, back, top edge relative to position (default: <1,1,1>).
 VECTOR ALIGN
   Alignment of box in degree (default: <0,0,0>).
 STRING ACTOR
   Name of actor (no default).
 KEYWORD INVERTED
   Box is inverted (inside out). Only useful for ›3mCSG›0m. (default: FALSE).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Creates a box

›0m›1mCONE›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 SURF/A,POS/A,SIZE,ALIGN,ACTOR,INVERTED/S,OPENBOTTOM/S
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING SURF
   Name of surface (no default).
 VECTOR POS
   Base position of cone (default: <0,0,0>).
 VECTOR SIZE
   Size of cone (default: <1.,1.,1.>).
 VECTOR ALIGN
   Alignment of cone in degree (default: <0,0,0>).
 STRING ACTOR
   Name of actor (no default).
 KEYWORD INVERTED
   Cone is inverted (inside out). Only useful for ›3mCSG›0m. (default: FALSE).
 KEYWORD OPENBOTTOM
   Cone has no bottom cap. Note that this can cause problems with ›3mCSG›0m.
   (default: FALSE).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Creates a cone. The rotation axis of the cone points to y-direction.

›0m›1mCSG›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 OPERATION,INVERTED/S
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 KEYWORD OPERATION [UNION|INTERSECTION|DIFFERENCE]
   The operation for this CSG object (default: UNION).
 KEYWORD INVERTED
   CSG-object is inverted (inside out) (default: FALSE).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Creates a new CSG object. The next two objects which are define after this
 command are take for the CSG object. Valid objects are ›3mSPHERE›0m, ›3mBOX›0m,
 ›3mCYLINDER›0m and a CSG object again.
 For more information see ›3mthis›0m chapter.
›0m›1mExample:›0m
 CSG DIFFERENCE
  CSG INTERSECTION
   SPHERE surf1 <-.5,0,0> 1
   SPHERE surf2 <-.5,0,0> 1
  BOX surf3 <0,0,0> <-2,-.5,-.5> <2,.5,.5>

›0m›1mCYLINDER›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 SURF/A,POS/A,SIZE,ALIGN,ACTOR,INVERTED/S,OPENTOP/S,OPENBOTTOM/S
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING SURF
   Name of surface (no default).
 VECTOR POS
   Base position of cylinder (default: <0,0,0>).
 VECTOR SIZE
   Size of cylinder (default: <1.,1.,1.>).
 VECTOR ALIGN
   Alignment of cylinder in degree (default: <0,0,0>).
 STRING ACTOR
   Name of actor (no default).
 KEYWORD INVERTED
   Cylinder is inverted (inside out). Only useful for ›3mCSG›0m. (default: FALSE).
 KEYWORD OPENTOP
   Clyinder has no top cap. Note that this can cause problems with ›3mCSG›0m.
   (default: FALSE).
 KEYWORD OPENBOTTOM
   Clyinder has no bottom cap. Note that this can cause problems with ›3mCSG›0m.
   (default: FALSE).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Creates a cylinder. The rotation axis of the cylinder points to y-direction.

›0m›1mLOADOBJ›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 NAME/A,POS,ALIGN,SCALE,ACTOR,SURFACE
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING NAME
   Filename (no default).
 VECTOR POS
   Position (default: <0,0,0>).
 VECTOR ALIGN
   Slignment (in degrees) (default: <0,0,0>).
 VECTOR SCALE
   Scale factor (default: <1,1,1>).
 STRING ACTOR
   Name of actor (no default).
 STRING SURFACE
   Name of surface to replace object surface with (no default).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Loads an
  - Imagine TDDD-file
     loads attributes, triangles (with correct handling of sharp edges),
     perfect spheres, planes, brushes and textures
  - Ligtwave LWOB-file
     loads attributes, triangles and quads. Don't loads textures and don't
     assigns sub surfaces to polygons.
  - Autodesk 3D-Studio file
     loads attributes, triangles and generates sharp edges
 If you specify a surface, all surfaces of the object will have that surface
 (overriding any surfaces defined in the object file).

 ›0m›1mWhere to get Imagine object files?›0m
 Look on FTP-servers which support AMINET. For example try out
  ftp.uni-paderborn.de
  Path: ftp/aminet/pub/gfx/3dobj/
 ›0m›1mWhere to get 3D-Studio object files?›0m
 Try out these WWW-Pages:
 For Star wars fans: http://www.loop.com/~hhc/
 Mesh Mart: http://cedar.cic.net/~rtilmann/mm/index.htm
 Objects Archive: http://sunserver1.rz.uni-duesseldorf.de/~pannozzo/3ds.html

›0m›1mPLANE›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 SURF/A,POS,NORM,ACTOR
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING SURF
   Name of surface (no default).
 VECTOR POS
   Position (default: <0,0,0>).
 VECTOR NORM
   Normal of the plane (default: <0,1,0>).
 STRING ACTOR
   Name of actor (no default).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Creates an infinite plane.

›0m›1mSOR›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 SURF/A,POINTS/M/A,POS,SIZE,ALIGN,ACTOR,ACCURATE/S,INVERTED/S,OPENTOP/S,OPENBOTTOM/S
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING SURF
   Name of surface (no default).
 VECTOR2D POINTS
   The points which describe the curve which is rotated (at least 4) (no default).
 VECTOR SIZE
   Size of SOR (default: <1,1,1>).
 VECTOR ALIGN
   Alignment of SOR in degree (default: <0,0,0>).
 STRING ACTOR
   Name of actor (no default).
 KEYWORD ACCURATE
   Use a more accurate but slower algorithm for calculting the SOR. If the SOR isn't
   renderd properly specify this keyword (default: FALSE).
 KEYWORD INVERTED
   SOR is inverted (inside out). Only useful for ›3mCSG›0m. (default: FALSE).
 KEYWORD OPENTOP
   SOR has no top cap. Note that this can cause problems with ›3mCSG›0m.
   (default: FALSE).
 KEYWORD OPENBOTTOM
   SOR has no bottom cap. Note that this can cause problems with ›3mCSG›0m.
   (default: FALSE).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Creates a ›3msurface of revolution›0m (SOR).

›0m›1mSPHERE›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 SURF/A,POS/A,RADIUS/A,ACTOR,FUZZY,INVERTED/S
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING SURF
   Name of surface (no default).
 VECTOR POS
   Center of sphere (default: <0,0,0>).
 FLOAT RADIUS
   Radius of sphere (default: 1).
 STRING ACTOR
   Name of actor (no default).
 FLOAT FUZZY
   Size of the fuzzy region for ›3mhyper texture›0m (default: 0).
 KEYWORD INVERTED
   Sphere is inverted (inside out). Only useful for ›3mCSG›0m. (default: FALSE).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Creates a sphere.

›0m›1mTRIANGLE›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 SURF/A,P1/A,P2/A,P3/A,N1,N2,N3,ACTOR
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING SURF
   Name of surface (no default).
 VECTOR P1
   First corner (no default).
 VECTOR P2
   Second corner (no default).
 VECTOR P3
   Third corner (no default).
 VECTOR N1
   Normal at first corner (no default).
 VECTOR N2
   Normal at second corner (no default).
 VECTOR N3
   Normal at third corner (no default).
 STRING ACTOR
   Name of actor (no default).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Creates a triangle with corners at position P1, P2 and P3. If you specify
 the normals, a phong shaded triangle otherwise a flat triangle is created.
 Computing the normals by hand is a difficult task, and should be done by
 utility programs.

›0m›1mAREXX-COMMANDS FOR SETTING ATTRIBUTES›0m

Every object must have a surface definition. With the following commands
you can set the attributes of a surface. First you have to define the
current surface with 'NEWSURFACE <name>'. Raystorm will set the attributes
of the new surface to default values. Every following command such as
AMBIENT or DIFFTRANS refers to the current surface and will override
the corresponding default values.

The following examples define two surfaces:

NEWSURFACE RED
AMBIENT [255,0,0]
DIFFUSE [255,0,0]

NEWSURFACE WATER
DIFFUSE [0,0,255]
REFRINDEX 1.333

List of surface commands:
›3mNEWSURFACE   ›0m  creates a new surface
›3mAMBIENT      ›0m  sets ambient color
›3mBRUSH        ›0m  adds a brush
›3mDIFFTRANS    ›0m  sets diffuse transmission color
›3mDIFFUSE      ›0m  sets diffuse color
›3mFOGLEN       ›0m  sets the foglength
›3mHYPERTEXTURE ›0m  adds a hyper texture
›3mIMTEXTURE    ›0m  adds a Imagine texture
›3mREFEXP       ›0m  sets the specular reflection exponent
›3mREFLECT      ›0m  sets the specular reflectivity
›3mREFRINDEX    ›0m  sets the index of refraction
›3mSPECTRANS    ›0m  sets the specular transmission
›3mSPECULAR     ›0m  sets the specular color
›3mTRANSEXP     ›0m  sets the specular transmission exponent
›3mTRANSLUC     ›0m  sets the specular transmittance
›3mTRANSPAR     ›0m  sets the diffuce transmittance

›0m›1mAMBIENT›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 COLOR/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING COLOR
   Color (default: [255,255,255]). Note: this color also can be greater than
   255 or negative.
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the ambient color of surface. Determines the color of the object in
 sections, which are in shadow.

›0m›1mBRUSH›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 NAME/A,TYPE/A,WRAP/A,POS/A,ALIGN/A,SIZE/A,REPEAT/S,MIRROR/S,SOFT/S,ACTOR
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING NAME
   Filename of brush (no default).
 KEYWORD TYPE [COLOR|REFLECT|FILTER|ALTITUDE|SPECULAR]
   Type of brush (default: COLOR).
 KEYWORD WRAP [FLAT|WRAPX|WRAPY|WRAPXY]
   Brush wrapping method (default: FLAT).
 VECTOR POS
   Position (default: <0,0,0>).
 VECTOR ALIGN
   Alignment (default: <0,0,0>).
 VECTOR SIZE
   Size of brush (default: <1,1,1>).
 KEYWORD REPEAT
   If set, brush is repeated like a tile (default: OFF).
 KEYWORD MIRROR
   If set, brush is mirrord (when REPEAT is specified) (default: OFF).
 KEYWORD SOFT
   If set, brush color is interpolated softly (default: OFF).
 STRING ACTOR
   Name of actor (no default).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Adds a brush to surface definition. A brush is a bitmap which is wrapped
 around an  object. The specified file will be searched for in the current
 directory. If it wasn't found there and a ›3mBRUSHPATH›0m is given, the file will
 be searched there.
 If an error occures the command returns an error string. Supported formats
 are: IFF-ILBM, PNG, TGA, JPEG and Datatypes.

 Constants for type:
 COLOR
  Replaces the surface color of the object with the image (sets ›3mDIFFUSE›0m and
  ›3mAMBIENT›0m color).
 REFLECT
  Map covers the surface and reflects environment (see ›3mREFLECT›0m)).
 FILTER
  Uses the white color to pass colors and the black area to hold back color
  with a variance between two colors (like with ›3mTRANSPAR›0m).
 ALTITUDE
  The red values of the brush are used to give the surface an appearence of
  bumpiness.
 SPECULAR
  The rgb values set the specular color of the surface (see ›3mSPECULAR›0m).

 Constants for wrap :
 FLAT
  The brush is projected to X-Y plane, the axis is in the middle of the
  brush area, length is the distance from the middle to the border.
 WRAPX
  The brush is wrapped around the x-axis, like on a cylinder. The left edge
  of the brush begins at the posititve X axis and wraps the brush around
  the cylinder from 'west' to 'east'.
 WRAPY
  Same as WRAPX, but wrapping is around the y-axis.
 WRAPXY
  Wrapping both: around X and Y axis. It is assumed, that the object is a
  sphere. The Y axis is the north/south pole of the spherical mapping. The
  left edge of the brush begins at the positive X axis and wraps the brush
  around the sphere from 'west' to 'east'. The brush covers the sphere
  exactly once.
›0m›1mExample:›0m
 BRUSH "earth.iff" COLOR, WRAPXY <0,0,0> <0,0,0> <0.1,0.1,0.1>

›0m›1mDIFFTRANS›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 COLOR/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 COLOR COLOR
   Color (default: [0,0,0]). Note: this color also can be greater than 255 or
   negative.
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the diffuse transmission color of surface. Same as diffuse reflection,
 but only used if the lightsource is on opposite side of surface. Only
 applied if tranlucency is not set to zero.

›0m›1mDIFFUSE›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 COLOR/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 COLOR COLOR
   Color (default: [255,255,255]). Note: this color also can be greater than
   255 or negative.
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the diffuse color of surface. The diffuse reflection falls off as
 the cosine of the angle between the normal and the ray to the light.
 Diffuse reflection determines the main color of the object (color in
 Imagine).

›0m›1mFOGLEN›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 VALUE/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 FLOAT VALUE/A
   Foglength (default: 0).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the foglength of the surface. The fog color is set with ›3mTRANSPAR›0m.

›0m›1mHYPERTEXTURE›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 TYPE/A,POS,ALIGN,SIZE,P1,P2,P3,ACTOR
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 KEYWORD TYPE (EXPLOSION)
   Type of the hyper texture (no default).
 VECTOR POS
   Position (default: <0,0,0>).
 VECTOR ALIGN
   Alignment (default: <0,0,0>).
 VECTOR SIZE
   Size of texture axis (default: <1,1,1>).
 FLOAT P1,P2,P3
   Texture parameters (default values depend on type of texture).
 STRING ACTOR
   Name of actor (no default).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Adds a hyper texture to the surface. For more information about hyper textures
 click ›3mhere›0m.

›0m›1mIMTEXTURE›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 NAME/A,POS,ALIGN,SIZE,P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,P6,P7,P8,P9,P10,P11,P12,P13,P14,P15,P16,ACTOR
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING NAME
   Name of Imagine texture file (no default).
 VECTOR POS
   Position (default: <0,0,0>).
 VECTOR ALIGN
   Alignment (default: <0,0,0>).
 VECTOR SIZE
   Size of texture axis (default: <1,1,1>).
 FLOAT P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,P6,P7,P8,P9,P10,P11,P12,P13,P14,P15,P16
   Texture parameters (default values depend on type of texture).
 STRING ACTOR
   Name of actor (no default).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Adds an Imagine texture to the surface.
›0m›1mExample:›0m
 IMTEXTURE "checker.itx" <0.1,0.1,0.1> <0,0,0> <2,2,2>

›0m›1mNEWSURFACE›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 NAME/A,BRIGHT/S
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING NAME
   Name (no default).
 KEYWORD BRIGHT
   If set, the brightness of the surface is everywhere the same (default: OFF).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Defines a new surface.

›0m›1mREFEXP›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 VALUE/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 FLOAT VALUE
   Specular reflection exponent (default: 12).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the specular reflection exponent of surface. Determines the size of
 the specularly reflected highlights, the higher the smaller the highlight
 (hardness in Imagine).

›0m›1mREFLECT›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 COLOR/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 COLOR COLOR
   Color (default: [0,0,0]). Note: this color also can be greater than 255 or
   negative.
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the specular reflectivity of surface

›0m›1mREFRINDEX›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 VALUE/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 FLOAT VALUE
   Index of refraction (default: 1).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the index of refraction of surface. Determines how the ray is refracted
 through transparent objects, the higher the more (index of refraction in
 Imagine).
›0m›1mExamples:›0m
 MATERIAL                      Index
 -------------------------------------
 Vacuum ...................... 1.00000 (exactly)

 Air (STP).................... 1.00029
 Acetone ..................... 1.36
 Alcohol ..................... 1.329
 Amorphous Selenium .......... 2.92
 Calspar1 .................... 1.66
 Calspar2 .................... 1.486
 Carbon Disulfide ............ 1.63
 Chromium Oxide .............. 2.705
 Copper Oxide ................ 2.705
 Crown Glass ................. 1.52
 Crystal ..................... 2.00
 Diamond ..................... 2.417
 Emerald ..................... 1.57
 Ethyl Alcohol ............... 1.36
 Flourite .................... 1.434
 Fused Quartz ................ 1.46
 Heaviest Flint Glass ........ 1.89
 Heavy Flint Glass ........... 1.65
 Glass ....................... 1.5
 Ice ......................... 1.309
 Iodine Crystal .............. 3.34
 Lapis Lazuli ................ 1.61
 Light Flint Glass ........... 1.575
 Liquid Carbon Dioxide ....... 1.20
 Polystyrene ................. 1.55
 Quartz 1 .................... 1.644
 Quartz 2 .................... 1.553
 Ruby ........................ 1.77
 Sapphire .................... 1.77
 Sodium Chloride (Salt) 1 .... 1.544
 Sodium Chloride (Salt) 2 .... 1.644
 Sugar Solution (30%) ........ 1.38
 Sugar Solution (80%) ........ 1.49
 Topaz ....................... 1.61
 Water (20 C) ................ 1.333
 Zinc Crown Glass ............ 1.517

›0m›1mSPECTRANS›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 COLOR/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 COLOR COLOR
   Color (default: [255,255,255]). Note: this color also can be greater than
   255 or negative.
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the specular transmission color of surface. Same as specular
 reflection, but only used if the lightsource is on opposite side of
 surface. Only applied if tranlucency is not 0.

›0m›1mSPECULAR›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 COLOR/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 COLOR COLOR
   Color (default: [255,255,255]). Note: this color also can be greater than
   255 or negative.
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the specular color of surface. Specularly reflected highlights fall
 off as the cosine of the angle between the reflected ray and the ray to the
 light source (specular in Imagine).

›0m›1mTRANSEXP›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 VALUE/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 FLOAT VALUE
   Specular transmission exponent (default: 12).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the specular transmission exponent of surface. Same as specular
 reflection exponent, but only used if the lightsource is on opposite
 side of surface.

›0m›1mTRANSLUC›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 VALUE/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 FLOAT VALUE
   Specular transmittance (default: 0).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the specular transmittance of surface

›0m›1mTRANSPAR›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 COLOR/A
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 COLOR COLOR
   Color (default: [0,0,0]). Note: this color also can be greater than 255 or
   negative.
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the diffuse transmittance of surface

   ›0m›1mAREXX-COMMANDS FOR ANIMATION CONTROL›0m

›3mALIGNMENT›0m  sets alignment
›3mNEWACTOR ›0m  creates a new actor
›3mPOSITION ›0m  sets position
›3mSIZE     ›0m  sets size

›0m›1mALIGNMENT›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 FROM/A,TO/A,ALIGN/A,TYPE
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 FLOAT FROM,TO
   Time interval (no default).
 VECTOR ALIGN
   Alignment at the end of the interval (no default).
 KEYWORD TYPE [LINEAR]
   Interpolation type (currently only linear) (default: LINEAR).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the alignment of the object. At time to, the actor will have this
 alignment.
 'TYPE' can be one of the following identifiers:
   LINEAR  the object moves on a straight line between the positions
   SPLINE  the object moves on a spline curve between the positions. (NOT
           IMPLEMENTED YET)

›0m›1mNEWACTOR›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 NAME/A,POS,ALIGN,SIZE
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 STRING NAME
   Name of actor (no default).
 VECTOR POS
   Initial position of actor (default: <0,0,0>).
 VECTOR ALIGN
   Initial alignment (in degrees) (default: <0,0,0>).
 VECTOR SIZE
   Initial size (default: <1,1,1>).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Creates a new actor. Usually a NEWACTOR definition is followed by one or more
 POSITION, ALIGNMENT, SIZE commands which define the properties of the actor
 at a certain time.
 For more information on NEWACTOR, please click ›3mhere›0m.

›0m›1mPOSITION›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 FROM/A,TO/A,POS/A,TYPE
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 FLOAT FROM,TO
   Time interval (no default).
 VECTOR POS
   Position at the end of the interval (no default).
 KEYWORD TYPE [LINEAR]
   Interpolation type (currently only linear) (default: LINEAR).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the position of the object. At time to, the actor will be at this
 position.
 'TYPE' can be one of the following identifiers:
   LINEAR  the object moves on a straight line between the positions
   SPLINE  the object moves on a spline curve between the positions. (NOT
           IMPLEMENTED YET)

   ›0m›1mSIZE›0m

›0m›1mTemplate:›0m
 FROM/A,TO/A,SIZE/A,TYPE
›0m›1mArguments:›0m
 FLOAT FROM,TO
   Time interval (no default).
 SIZE
   Size at the end of the interval (no default).
 KEYWORD TYPE [LINEAR]
   Interpolation type (currently only linear) (default: LINEAR).
›0m›1mDescription:›0m
 Sets the size of the object. At time to, the actor will have this size.
 'TYPE' can be one of the following identifiers:
   LINEAR  the object moves on a straight line between the positions
   SPLINE  the object moves on a spline curve between the positions. (NOT
           IMPLEMENTED YET)

›0m›1mWHAT IS AN ACTOR?›0m

The statement:

NEWACTOR name, position, alignment, size

defines a "virtual object" that can be associated with "real" objects,
including the Camera and  the Lights objects.  Position, alignment, and
size values are the initial values of an actor.

The object that is associated with a named actor behaves exactly like the
actor. When the actor is sized, rotated, or moved; the associted object is
sized, rotated, or moved accordingly.  It is as though the actor and the
object that is associated with it are connected by a rod.

While the coordinates of the object that is associated with an actor are
always defined in an absolute way in reference to the set world; its
movements - when associated with an actor - takes place with respect to
the coordinates of the actor.  The coordinates of the actor are defined in
the NEWACTOR statment and can have default values.

The position, alignment, and size values that follow the NEWACTOR statement
are the final values of an actor.  By defining time from and to values, a time
increment is defined by which the actor is resized, rotated, or moved from
the initial values to the final values.  By associating objects to an actor,
and rendering a picture at a particular time, or through a period of time,
animation and/or motion blur effects are achieved.

›0m›1mAREXX-ERRORS›0m

These values are returned when something went wrong, you can get the
error string with the command ›3mGETERRORSTR›0m.

›0m›1mApplication and parser errors›0m

Here are the errors returned from the command parser and the application
itself.

100   Wrong screen resolution
      Both components of the screen resolution have to be higher than one.
101   Not enough memory
      Allocation of memory failed.
102   Limitations of demo version reached
      The demo version is limited to a resolution of 160x128.
103   Unknown brush mapping type
      You specified an unknown mapping method for the ›3mBRUSH›0m command.
104   Unknown brush wrapping method
      You specified an unknown wrapping method for the ›3mBRUSH›0m command.
105   Invalid time intervall
      One component of a time intervall was negative or the beginning time
      was later than the end.
106   Unknown interpolation method
      You specified an unknown interpolation method for the ›3mPOSITION›0m,
      ›3mALIGNMENT›0m or ›3mSIZE›0m command.
107   No picture renderd
      There is no picture for ›3mSAVEPIC›0m to save because you renderd none
      or called ›3mCLEANUP›0m before.
108   Can't open screen
      The ›3mDISPLAY›0m command was unable to open the screen
      (!!! THIS COMMAND ISN'T RELEASED IN THIS VERSION YET !!!).
109   Can't open raystorm.library (Only one copy of RayStorm can run at a time)
      RayStorm failed to open raystorm.library
110   Can't open intuition.library
      RayStorm failed to open intuition.library (at least version 37 is
      needed)
111   Can't open window
      RayStorm failed to open the window.
112   Can't open muimaster.library
      RayStorm failed to open muimaster.library (at least version 8 is
      needed)
113   Invalid vector definition
      The specified vector has the wrong format (must be '<x,y,z>').
114   Invalid color definition
      The specified color has the wrong format (must be '[r,g,b]').
115   Invalid region definition
      The specified region is out of range.
116   No light defined
      You tried to add lens flares or a light star and there is no previously
      defined light source.
117   Unknown flare type
      You specified an unknown type for the ›3mFLARE›0m command.
118   Unknown flare function
      You specified an unknown function for the ›3mFLARE›0m command.
119   Only one object for a CSG object has been defined
      CSG objects always need two objects to operate on. For further informaions see
      ›3mCGS›0m.
120   Unknonw CSG operator
      You specified an unknown operator for the ›3mCSG›0m command.
121   Unknown hyper texture type
      You specified an unkonwn type for the ›3mHYPERTEXTURE›0m command.
122   Invalid 2d-vector definition
      The specified 2d-vector has the wrong format (must be '<x,y>').

›0m›1mInternal errors›0m

This are errors of the renderer.

  1   Not enough memory
      Allocation of memory failed.
  2   Limitations of demo version reached
      The demo version is limited to a resolution of 160x128.
  3   Wrong screen resolution
      Both components of the screen resolution have to be higher than one.
  4   Error in triangle definition
      It's impossible to generate a triangle with the specified coordinates
      (see ›3mTRIANGLE›0m).
  5   The view and up directions are identical?
      You specified a view-up-vector for the ›3mSETCAMERA›0m command which is identical
      to the view direction.
  6   Not enough memory for screen buffer
      The allocation of the screen buffer failed.
  7   -- Removed error message. Should never occur --
  8   Can't open Imagine texture file
      RayStorm failed to open the specified Imagine texture file, check
      filename and path.
  9   Can't open brush file
      RayStorm failed to open the specified brush file, check
      filename and path.
 10   Error initializing Imagine texture
      An error occured as RayStorm tried to initialize a Imagine texture.
 11   Can't open picture
      RayStorm failed to open the specified picture file, check filename
      and path.
 12   Error reading picture
      An error occured while RayStorm read a picture file.
 13   Can't open picture type file ('modules/picture/types')
      RayStorm failed to open the typefile. The typefile is needed to
      identify the filetypes of the pictures. RayStorm was unable to open
      the file 'modules/picture/types'.
 14   Error reading picture type file
      An error occured while RayStorm read the picture type file, maybe the
      file is damaged.
 14   Unknown picture format
      RayStorm was unable to recognize the format of the picture file.
 16   An error occcured while invoking picture handler
      The used picture handler returned a error.
 17   Can't open object
      RayStorm failed to open the specified object file, check filename
      and path.
 18   Error reading object
      An error occured while RayStorm read a object file.
 19   Can't open object type file ('modules/object/types')
      RayStorm failed to open the typefile. The typefile is needed to
      identify the filetypes of the objects. RayStorm was unable to open
      the file 'modules/object/types'.
 20   Error reading object type file
      An error occured while RayStorm read the object type file, maybe the
      file is damaged.
 21   Unknown object format
      RayStorm was unable to recognize the format of the object file.
 22   An error occcured while invoking object handler
      The used object handler returned a error.
 23   Actor not defined
      The specified actor name does not exist.
 24   Surface not defined
      The specified surface name does not exist.
 25   Depth of octree too big (max. 6)
      The octree depth is limited to a depth of 6.
 26   Antialiasing value too big (max. 8)
      The value of the ›3mANTIALIAS›0m command is limited to 8.
 27   Invalid time intervall
      One component of a time intervall was negative or the beginning time
      was later than the end.
 28   No picture renderd
      There is no picture for ›3mSAVEPIC›0m to save because you renderd none
      or called ›3mCLEANUP›0m before.
 29   Distribution value too big (max. 8)
      The value of the ›3mDISTRIB›0m command is limited to 8.
 30   Wrong error number
      The error number for ›3mGETERRORSTR›0m is out of range.
 31   Unknown Parameter
      A RSI-function was called with an unknown parameter (should nerver occur).
 32   -- Development error message. Should never occur. --
 33   Need at least 4 points for surface of revolution
      You have to specify at least 4 points for a ›3mSOR›0m.
 34   Incorrect point in surface of revolution
      The distance in y-direction of following points is 0.
 35   A CSG object needs at least 2 objects to operate with
      You defined a CSG object with only on object to operate on (see also ›3mCSG›0m).
 36   Invalid object type for CSG
      Not all objects can be used with CSG (see also ›3mCSG›0m).
 37   Need at last a V2 object handler to load file
      You have an old object handler. Please update to a newer one.
 38   Need at last a V2 picture handler to load file
      You have an old picture handler. Please update to a newer one.
 39   Invalid keyfile
      You don't have a valid keyfile

›0m›1mEXAMPLES›0m

We have included several demos in the directories 'arexx' and 'examples'
to show how to use RayStorm.

In the 'arexx' directory are examples scripts which show the usage of
RayStorm with ARexx. Start them simply by typing 'rx ???.ray' in a shell
(???.ray is the name of the script).

In the 'examples' directory are C-programs which show the usage of
RayStorm directly with a program. They can only be run from a shell.
These programs are producing a couple of pictures no animation, which must
be glued together with a utility like MainActor.

›0m›1mTUTORIALS›0m

If you use RayStorm for the first time, then it would be a good idea to do
the following tutorials:

›3mSimple scene ›0m
›3mBouncing ball›0m
›3mMotion blur  ›0m

›0m›1mTutorial: Simple scene›0m

Now we will create a very famous scene. A sphere over a checkerboard! Ok, it
may be boring, but it's good for the absolute beginner to get an
impression of building a scene.

Here we go:

1. In the  drawer 'ARexx' of the RayStorm directory there is a file named
   'default.ray'. This is a default form for RayStorm ARexx scripts. You can
   use this form to write your own scripts.
   We'll use this file as a default for our animation script. Copy this file
   to the file 'simple.ray'. After this load the file 'simple.ray' to your
   favorite text editor (e.g GoldEd or CygnusEd).

2. To view the scene, we need a camera. Insert after the line 'address
   RAYSTORM' the line:

›0m›3m   '›3mSETCAMERA›0m <6,1.5,-1.5> <0,0,0> <0,1,0>'›0m

   This sets the camera to position <6,1.5,-1.5>. The camera points to
   <0,0,0> and the view-up vector is <0,1,0>. Note that you don't have to
   specify every single parameter. Every command has default values. Refer
   to the description of a command to find out the default values.

3. Nothing can be seen without a lightsource.
   Go to the next line and type:

›0m›3m   '›3mPOINTLIGHT›0m <0,50,0> [255,255,255] SHADOW'›0m

   The sphere is illuminated from above with white light.

4. Before placing the objects in the scene, you have to define their
   surfaces.
   Insert this line:

›0m›3m   '›3mNEWSURFACE›0m planesurf'›0m

   This creates a surface with name planesurf. The plane has a checkered
   surface, so insert:

›0m›3m   '›3mIMTEXTURE›0m /textures/checker.itx <0.1,0.1,0.1> <0,0,0> <2,2,2>'›0m

5. That was the plane texture. Let 's go over to sphere texture.
   Add:

›0m›3m   '›3mNEWSURFACE›0m spheresurf'›0m

   The sphere has a mirrored surface. To simulate a perfect mirror, type

›0m›3m   '›3mREFLECT›0m [255,255,255]'›0m

6. Now we can add the objects to the scene:

›0m›3m   '›3mSPHERE›0m spheresurf <0,0.5,0> 1'›0m

   This creates a sphere on position <0,0.5,0> and radius 1.
   Add the plane:

›0m›3m   '›3mPLANE›0m planesurf'›0m

   The default values for the position and the normal vector fit to our
   scene, so we can take them over.

7. Let's make an end to the definitions and render the scene!
   Type:

›0m›3m   '›3mSTARTRENDER›0m'›0m

8. Finally we may not forget to save the picture, so add:

›0m›3m   '›3mSAVEPIC›0m simple.iff'›0m

   which will save the renderd picture in the current directory as a
   IFF-ILBM file.
   The last step is to free all the memory with the command 'CLEANUP'. Add:

›0m›3m   ›3mCLEANUP›0m'›0m

9. Start the script from a shell-window with the sequence 'rx simple.ray'.
   RayStorm will now generate your picture. When RayStorm finished the work
   start your favourite viewer-program, load the file and have a look at
   it.
   Looks very monochrome!!
   To make the world colorful, we make a red checker and set the sky to
   blue. A blue sky can be done by setting the world's background color.
10. Before 'SETCAMERA' insert:

›0m›3m   '›3mSETWORLD›0m [30,30,255]'›0m

   Add

›0m›3m   '›3mDIFFUSE›0m [155,0,0]'›0m

   to the surface planesurf (this defines one checker color), the other one
   must be set in the 'IMTEXTURE' command, so change it to

›0m›3m   '›3mIMTEXTURE›0m /textures/checker.itx <0.1,0.1,0.1> <0,0,0> <2,2,2> 255 0 0'›0m

   (Note that '255 0 0' describes a color, but is not embedded in < >,
   because the checker color belongs to the texture parameters which are
   all floats.)

11. Render the scene once again, and view it.

That's the end of the tutorial! Make some changes to the scene file and
play around with the parameters to see their effects.

›0m›1mTutorial: Bouncing ball›0m

The goal of this tutorial is to show you how to generate little animations.
At the end of this tutorial you'll have a animation where the earth rotates
and bounces on a rotating plane with a white checker texture on the top and
a red checker on the bottom. If you have a fast computer you can also
generate the animation with motion blur.

O.k. here we go:

1. In the  drawer 'ARexx' of the RayStorm directory there is a file named
   'default.ray'. This is a default form for RayStorm ARexx scripts. You can
   use this form to write your own scripts.
   We will use this file as a default for our animation script. Copy this file
   to the file 'bounce.ray'. After this load the file 'bounce.ray' to your
   favorite text editor (e.g GoldEd or CygnusEd).

2. First we define some values: the acceleration of the ball and the amount
   of frames to generate.
   RayStorm has three commands to set the paths where it searchs the files
   it needs. We use a brush for the surface of the ball and a texture for
   the surface of the ground.
   To do this we have to insert after the command 'ADDRESS RAYSTORM' the
   lines:

›0m›3m   g = .2
   frames = 17

   '›3mBRUSHPATH›0m /brushes'
   '›3mTEXTUREPATH›0m /textures'›0m

   It's the same if you write the commands in upper case or lower case.
   But it's important to enclose all commans in quotes because ARexx tries
   to interpret the line before it sends it. It may happen that the line is
   changed and RayStorm don't do the things you want.

3. Next we set the screen resolution. For the first experiments we choose
   a low resolution of 160x128 pixels. Insert the line:

›0m›3m   '›3mSETSCREEN›0m 160 128'›0m

4. Now we set the camera parameters. The first three values determine the
   position of the camera. We want to place it so that we can see the ball
   all over the time. The next values set the viewpoint of the camera, this
   is the point the camera aims to. The next values determine the view up
   vector. And the last two values determine the field of view. To get a
   pixel aspect of 1:1 we have to set them to 25 and 20 degree.

›0m›3m   '›3mSETCAMERA›0m <0,10,40> <0,5,0> <0,1,0> 25 20'›0m

5. We want to have a bright blue background for our animation. The
   background and the global ambient color is set with the 'SETWORLD'
   command. We want to set the ambient color to a dark gray, if this color
   is to bright the scene will look washed out and the objects appear flat.
   Insert the line:

›0m   '›3mSETWORLD›0m [10,30,200] [10,10,10]'›0m

6. The illumination is an important part of a scene. We want to place a
   pointlight near the camera. Add the line:

›0m   '›3mPOINTLIGHT›0m <5,10,50>'›0m›3m

7. Now we define the actor for the plane. We want to rotate it around the
   Z-axis. Insert the lines:

›0m›3m   '›3mNEWACTOR›0m groundactor'
   '›3mALIGNMENT›0m 0 ' frames+2 ' <0,0,360>'›0m

7. Now we define the surface for the plane and the plane itself. We make it
   a little reflective and apply a checker texture. The surface 'groundtop'
   is for the top of the plane and the surface 'groundbottom' is for the
   bottom of the surface. The plane itself consits of four triangles. Two
   fo the top and two for the bottom. Insert the lines:

›0m›3m   '›3mNEWSURFACE›0m groundtop'
   '›3mDIFFUSE›0m [255,255,255]'
   '›3mSPECULAR›0m [0,0,0]'
   '›3mREFLECT›0m [50,50,50]'
   '›3mIMTEXTURE›0m checker.itx <0,-1,0> <0,0,0> <10,10,10> ACTOR groundactor'

   '›3mNEWSURFACE›0m groundbottom'
   '›3mDIFFUSE›0m [255,0,0]'
   '›3mSPECULAR›0m [0,0,0]'
   '›3mREFLECT›0m [50,50,50]'
   '›3mIMTEXTURE›0m checker.itx <0,-1,0> <0,0,0> <1.5,1.5,1.5> ACTOR groundactor'

   '›3mTRIANGLE›0m groundtop <-2,0,-2> <2,0,-2> <2,0,2> ACTOR groundactor'
   '›3mTRIANGLE›0m groundtop <-2,0,-2> <-2,0,2> <2,0,2> ACTOR groundactor'
   '›3mTRIANGLE›0m groundbottom <-2,-.01,-2> <2,-.01,-2> <2,-.01,2> ACTOR groundactor'
   '›3mTRIANGLE›0m groundbottom <-2,-.01,-2> <-2,-.01,2> <2,-.01,2> ACTOR groundactor'›0m

8. Next we define the motion of the ball. It starts at a height of 10 and
   accelerates until it bounces on the plane, changes it's direction and
   the motions ends as the ball is back at he start point. Additional the
   ball rotates around the Y-axis. Add the following sequence to your script:

›0m›3m   speed = -g
   pos = 10
   '›3mNEWACTOR›0m ballactor <0,'pos',0>'
   do i=0 to frames
     '›3mPOSITION›0m ' i i+1 '<0,'pos',0>'
     pos = pos+speed
     if pos<=1 & speed<0 then
       speed = -speed
     else
       speed = speed-g
   end
   '›3mALIGNMENT›0m 0 ' frames+2 ' <0,360,0>'›0m

9. Now we define the surface for the ball and the ball itself. The only thing
   we must do is to map a earth styled brush map to a sphere. To reach this
   goal the position of the brush must be set to the middle of the sphere
   and the size must be small enough to be completely inside the sphere.
   This are the lines to define the ball:

›0m›3m   '›3mNEWSURFACE›0m ball'
   '›3mBRUSH›0m earth.iff COLOR WRAPXY <0,10,0> <0,0,0> <.1,.1,.1> ACTOR ballactor'

   '›3mSPHERE›0m ball <0,10,0> 1 ACTOR ballactor'›0m

10. If your computer is fast enough you can insert the follwing lines:

›0m›3m   '›3mANTIALIAS›0m 2'
   '›3mDISTRIB›0m 2'›0m

   'ANTIALIAS' improves the quality of the picture; 2 or 3 are normal values,
   higher values don't improve the quality significant.
   A value higher than one for 'DISTRIB' switches {"motion blur" link Motion_Blur} on.

11. At this the we have finished the definitions and now can render the single
   frames. If youn want the reflections of the ball on the plane you have
   to delete the keyword 'QUICK', because RayStorm renders no reflections in
   quick mode. The frame time is set with 'FROM' and 'TO'. We save the frames
   as IFF-ILBM pictures with the names 'bounce0001.iff' ... 'bounceXXXX.iff'.
   The last step is to free all the memory with the command 'CLEANUP'. Add
   these lines:

›0m›3m   do i=0 to frames
      '›3mSTARTRENDER›0m QUICK FROM 'i' TO 'i+1
      '›3mSAVEPIC›0m bounce' || RIGHT(i,4,0) || '.iff'
   end

   '›3mCLEANUP›0m'›0m

12. Start the script from a shell-window with the sequence 'rx bounce.ray'.
   RayStorm will now generate your frames. When RayStorm finished the work
   you must glue the pictures together to get the animation.

That's all. Have fun!

›0m›1mTutorial: Motion blur›0m

In this tutorial we show you how to make animations and how to use motion
blur.
To animate objects we need ACTORs. An ACTOR can be seen as a virtual object
which can have a certain position/alignment/size at a certain time. ACTORs can
be used for keyframe animation by giving control points which RayStorm can
interpolate (only linear for now.  Spline interpolations will be implemented
later).
You can assign an ACTOR to one or more real objects. An object with an actor
assigned to it will follow all actions the actor does. Let's take the sphere
from the second tutorial and move it to direction of the camera.
Type following:

›0m›3m'›3mSETCAMERA›0m <6,1.5,-1.5> <0,0,0><0,1,0>'
'›3mPOINTLIGHT›0m <30,50,30> [255,255,255] SHADOW'›0m

you can add POSITION, ALIGNMENT and SIZE commands after NEWACTOR
(similar to the surface commands after NEWSURFACE)

›0m›3m'›3mNEWACTOR›0m actor'
'›3mPOSITION›0m 0 5 <3,0,0.4>'

'›3mNEWSURFACE›0m planesurf'
'›3mDIFFUSE›0m [255,30,30]'
'›3mIMTEXTURE›0m "checker.itx" <0.1,0.1,0.1> <0,0,0> <2,2,2> 155 25 0'

'›3mNEWSURFACE›0m spheresurf'
'›3mREFLECT›0m [255,255,255]'

'›3mSPHERE›0m spheresurf <0,1,0> 0.7 actor'
'›3mPLANE›0m planesurf'›0m

You can make an animation by a series of STARTRENDER/SAVEPIC combinations. Our
little movie shall consist of 6 frames, so we will subdivide our time intervall
(1 unit) and make a photo every 0.2 time units. The STARTRENDER command has the
option to render a picture within a certain time intervall. That can be
compared with the shutter time of a real camera. The camera of RayStorm records
all movements of the objects in the scene within that time intervall which
results in a blurred scene. At the beginning we do no motion blur, so we set
the start and the end time to the same value. (Which means no shutter time).

Add this code and execute it:

›0m›3mdo i=0 to 5
 '›3mSTARTRENDER›0m QUICK FROM 'i' TO 'i
 '›3mSAVEPIC›0m sphere' || RIGHT(i,4,0) || '.iff'
end

'›3mCLEANUP›0m'›0m

You can make a movie out of it using an animator program such as MainActor.
Now we introduce one of the advanced features of RayStorm: Motion Blur
Replace the commands above by the following lines:

›0m›3m/* when doing motion blur you *MUST* add the distrib command +/

'›3mDISTRIB›0m 3'

/* shutter time is 1 */

do i=0 to 5
 '›3mSTARTRENDER›0m QUICK FROM 'i' TO 'i+1
 '›3mSAVEPIC›0m sphere' || RIGHT(i,4,0) || '.iff'
end

'›3mCLEANUP›0m'›0m

For each frame, the camera opens the shutter 0.2 time units long and records
what's happening. As you can see, an animation with motion blur gives a better
visual effect.
Again feel free to change the parameters.

›0m›1mTEXTURES›0m

Textures are mathematically generated patterns which can be applied to the
surface of an object.
There are several textures in the directory 'textures'.

   ›3m Bump    ›0m
   ›3m Checker ›0m
   ›3m Fire    ›0m
   ›3m Linear  ›0m
   ›3m Marble  ›0m
   ›3m Radial  ›0m
   ›3m Stars   ›0m
   ›3m Wood    ›0m

›0m›1mBUMP›0m

This texture applies bumps to the surface.
Size of texture determines size of the bumps.

›0m›1mParameters:›0m

1: X bump size
2: Y bump size
3: Z bump size
set the 'depth' of the bumps.

Example:
sphere with radius 1
 ›0m›3mIMTEXTURE bump.itx <0,0,0> <0,0,0> <.3,.3,.3> 1 1 1›0m
›3mPicture›0m

›0m›1mCHECKER›0m

This texture applies thw ell known checker pattern to the surface.
›0m›1mAttention!
If you apply a checker texture to a plane, the plane may not be at the same
position on which the checker changes its color. Otherwise you get a noisy
texture due to rounding errors.›0m

›0m›1mParameters:›0m

1: Color Red
2: Color Green
3: Color Blue
Color of the checkers, other color is taken from object.

4: Reflect Red
5: Reflect Green
6: Reflect Blue
Reflect color of the checkers.

7: Filter Red
8: Filter Green
9: Filter Blue
Filter color of the checkers.

›0m›1mExample:›0m
 ›0m›3mIMTEXTURE "checker.itx" <0,0.1,0> <0,0,0> <2,2,2> 255 0 0›0m
›3mPicture›0m

›0m›1mFIRE›0m

This texture generates a pattern which look like fire. It's based on the book
›3mTexturing and Modeling›0m.

›0m›1mParameters:›0m

 1: Chaos Scale       higher values make sharper flames
 2: Chaos Offset      higher values make more flames with bottom color (white)
                      lower values more top colored flames (red)
 3: Octaves           determines the frequency of the flames
 4: Flameheight
 5: Flameamplitude
 6: Bottom Red
 7: Bottom Green
 8: Bottom Blue       is the bottom fire color (white)
 9: Middle Red
10: Middle Green
11: Middle Blue       is the middle color (yellow)
12: Top Red
13: Top Green
14: Top Blue          is the top color (red)
15: Transparent Top   if not 0 the texture gets more transparent from bottom
                      to top
Example:
plane with
 ›0m›3mIMTEXTURE fire.itx <0,0,0> <0,0,0> <1,1,1>›0m
›3mPicture›0m
›3mHigh Chaos Scale›0m

›0m›1mLINEAR›0m

This texture varies the color of the object in the y-direction of the
texture.

›0m›1mParameters:›0m

1: Color Red
2: Color Green
3: Color Blue
color to interpolate to.

4: Reflect Red
5: Reflect Green
6: Reflect Blue
reflection to interpolate to.

7: Filter Red
8: Filter Green
9: Filter Blue
filter to interpolate to.

›0m›1mExample:›0m
 ›0m›3mIMTEXTURE "linear.itx" <0,0.1,0> <0,0,0> <2,2,2> 0 0 255›0m
›3mPicture›0m

›0m›1mWOOD›0m

This texture applies a wood like texture to the surface.
Size of texture determines size of wood.

›0m›1mParameters:›0m

1: Color Red
2: Color Green
3: Color Blue
Color. Other color is taken from object.

4: Reflect Red
5: Reflect Green
6: Reflect Blue
Reflection color.

7: Filter Red
8: Filter Green
9: Filter Blue
Filter color.

10: Octave
The higher the octave the noisier are the wood rings.

11: Frequency
The higher the frequency the smaller the wood rings.

›0m›1mExample:›0m
cube with size 2
 ›0m›3mIMTEXTURE wood.itx <0,0,0> <0,0,0> <1,1,1> 255 255 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4›0m
›3mPicture›0m

›0m›1mMARBLE›0m

This texture applies a marble like texture to the surface.
Size of texture determines size of bumps.

›0m›1mParameters:›0m

1: Color Red
2: Color Green
3: Color Blue
Color. Other color is taken from object.

4: Reflect Red
5: Reflect Green
6: Reflect Blue
Reflection color.

7: Filter Red
8: Filter Green
9: Filter Blue
Filter color.

10: Octave
The higher the octave the noisier is the texture.

›0m›1mExample:›0m
cube with size 2
 ›0m›3mIMTEXTURE marble.itx <0,0,0> <0,0,0> <.5,.5,.5> 150 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 7›0m
›3mPicture›0m

›0m›1mRADIAL›0m

This texture varies the color of the object radial around the texture axis.

›0m›1mParameters:›0m

1: Start radius
Interploation start radius.

2: End radius
Interploation end radius.

3: Color Red
4: Color Green
5: Color Blue
Color to interpolate to.

6: Reflect Red
7: Reflect Green
8: Reflect Blue
Reflection to interpolate to.

9: Filter Red
10: Filter Green
11: Filter Blue
Filter to interpolate to.

›0m›1mExample:›0m
 ›0m›3mIMTEXTURE "radial.itx" <0,0,0> <0,0,0> <1,1,1> 1 2 255 0 0›0m
›3mPicture›0m

›0m›1mSTARS›0m

This texture applies randomly stars to the surface. Cannot be used in
animations!

›0m›1mParameters:›0m

1: Color Red
2: Color Green
3: Color Blue
Color of the stars.

4: Density
Star density. The higher the more stars (0. - 1.).

›0m›1mExample:›0m
 ›0m›3mIMTEXTURE "stars.itx" <0,0,0> <0,0,0> <1,1,1> 255 255 255 0.1›0m
›3mPicture›0m

›0m›1mKNOWN BUGS›0m

- Directly after starting Scenario the object menus don't pop up when
  pressing the right mouse button in the work area. This seems to be
  a problem of MUI. Click with the left mouse button somewhere outside
  the work area and the menues work like they should do.

›0m›1mDISCLAIMER›0m

THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THIS PROGRAM TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
LAW.  EXCEPT WHERE OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER AND/OR
OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE
ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.
SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY
SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL
ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM
AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL,
SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR
DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES
OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF
SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGES.

›0m›1mCOPYRIGHT›0m

The RayStorm package is Copyright 1995-97 by Andreas Heumann and Mike Hesser.
All Rights Reserved. It is released under the concept of `Shareware'.

The archive of RayStorm may only be distributed in unmodified form.  No files
may be added, changed or removed. You may not charge for this archive, other
than the cost of the media and duplication fees. Distribution is allowed in
all forms, such as BB systems, floppy or compact disks, and ftp sites.

›0m›1mCREDITS›0m

We want to thank the following persons:

- Joerg Dietrich, Stephan Dorenkamp, Richard Körber, Francesco Leonardi
  and Gabriele Venturi for beta testing.

- Jan Hlavaty for hours of work he had done, and many useful tips to make
  RayStorm better and more bugfree (Jan: I _HATE_ bugs. Splat 'em!!! :-) )

- Bernhard Moench - chairman of Plasma Pictures (a great Amiga club)

  Address:

  Plasma Pictures
  Reality and Imagination!

  Bernhard Moench
  Regensburger Strasse 28c

  10777 Berlin
  GERMANY

- Maan Hamze - for testing, hundrets of suggestions and bugreports...
  ... and many many E-Mails

- Klaus Melchior for his listtree class

- Stefan Stunz for MUI

- Thanks to all registrated users for the support of the shareware concept.

›0m›1mREGISTER›0m

If you like RayStorm use the registration programm to register.
Fill out the registration form and press the 'Print' button.
If the printer is installed correctly, the registration is printed out.
You can get information about the current agreements by pressing the 'Info'
button.

Note: please send us no postal money orders or cheques or something like that.
We have to pay very high fees (about 15$) here in germany to exchange them
to cash. To send cash is the easiest way for us.

›0m›1mAUTHORS›0m

For bug reports, comments, suggestions ... you can contact us at the
following addresses (E-mail prefered).

   Amiga-version:

   Andreas Heumann

   E-mail:  [e-mail]
   S-mail:  Wittelsbacherstr. 5
            82319 Starnberg
            Germany

   PC-version:

   Mike Hesser

   E-mail:  [e-mail]
   S-mail:  Schlehenbühl 13
            89075 Ulm
            Germany

›0m›1mPC-VERSION›0m

The PC version is available on the Internet from our ›3mhomepage›0m.

›0m›1mHISTORY›0m

›3mRayStorm Scenario ›0m
›3mRayStorm Script   ›0m
›3mRayStorm Raytracer›0m

›0m›1mHISTORY›0m

version 1.0b (27-August-96)
- initial release.

version 1.1 (04-October-96)
- save and load materials in attribute requester
- create cube, sphere, plane, tube, cone and torus mesh objects
- fixed bug with color requesters (colors changed every call)
- string gadgets now advance to next/prev gadget when return is pressed
- improved zooming with the mouse
- added enable button for render area
- fixed problems with KS-versions less than 3.0 (<39)
- key 't' opens settings requester
- added new preview resolutions (NTSC 80x50,PAL 80x64,VGA 80x60)
- if more than one object is selected the object for attributes can be
  selected by the browser
- implemented two browser modes
- added center view with 'R-Amiga - .'
- joined settings and transform requester
- several bugfixes
- improved object scaling with mouse
- can now scale external objects

version 1.2 (29-November-96)
- forgot to scale child objects of external objects
- added ok button to render requester
- added ›3mcamera to viewer›0m
- added hierarchical object browser
- ask for rendering of scenes with no light sources
- bugfix: it was impossible to track and to set the opening angle of a
  spotlight
- convert external to scene objects
- added RayStorm object file format (RSOB)
- fixed problem with vertical stripes with 020-version
- fixed problem with screen update
- coordinate display even if no object is translated
- focal distance of camera can automatically be set to camera-track distance
- added preview to attributes requester
- improved color selection for rendering preview window
- added show and save button to registration program
- added some materials
- added lens effects (flares, light star)

version 1.8 (16-February-97)
- minimum amount of objects for octree is now setable in the ›3mRender Settings›0m
  requester
- added spikewidth to visible light star
- added new/load/save buttons
- all objects can track each other
- added undo and redo
- added box object
- added status bar
- added tilt angle to light star
- the render window can now be set with the mouse
- objects can now be selected with a selection box
- raw object loader works now correctly
- lens flares in the requester are now selectable with the mouse

version 2.0 (18-November-97)
- added 'Time estimated' to render status window
- ›3mrecent files›0m in project menu
- Scenario is now asking for a new filename when it wants to load or render
  a project and can't find an object, brush or texture
- improved redraw speed
- toolbar images can now also be external images (see ›3mhere›0m for details)
- added cylinder, ›3mCSG›0m, ›3mSOR›0m and cone object
- Scenario can now be called with a name of a project as argument, which then is
  loaded.
- added object browser with drag and drop capabilities to the side of the draw
  area
- added enable button for backdrop and reflection map
- added material manager to the bottom of the draw area
- material previews are calculated independently in threads
- resolution predefinitions can now be set in the ASCII-file 'prefs/res.dat'
- it's now possible to edit and change meshes
- more than one transformation or material requesters can now remain
  open

version 2.1 (18-May-98)
- now supports high and true color cybergfx screens
- new lensflare types (exponent 1, exponent 2)
- new and improved light star
- added Lightwave object loader
- PPC version
- names of brushes and textures can be changed in material requester
- brushes with cylindrical and spherical mapping are now drawn as cylinders and spheres
- Size of external toolbar images is now set to size of first button (new.iff)
- more colors (colors can be set in preferneces)
- load and save in light settings requester
- rendering in the background
- OpenGL support (StormMesa, not for 881 version)
- ARexx port
- Object now can be moved, rotated and scaled in world and local coordinate systems

version 2.2 (08-September-98)
- RayStorm textures
- NFF object loader
- directional light
- soft spot light

›0m›1mHISTORY›0m

version 1.02 (16-August-95)
- added BRIGHT-flags for surface
- deleted TRANSATTU

version 1.081 (08-October-95)
- added listview for history

version 1.13 (01-November-95)
- now more than one path with PATH-commands possible

version 1.16 (09-January-96)
- added 'SOFTSHADOW' to '›3mDISTRIB›0m'
- added 'FALLOFF' for '›3mPOINTLIGHT›0m' and '›3mSPOTLIGHT›0m'

version 1.2 (29-February-96)
- bugfix '›3mANTIALIAS›0m' command: parameter CONTRIB produced error 30

version 1.22 (25-April-96)
- added '›3mSURFACE›0m' to '›3mLOADOBJ›0m' to replace objects surface with own surface

version 1.26 (04-October-96)
- fixed a bug which caused the program to crash on exit

version 1.3 (29-November-96)
- added '›3mFLARE›0m' and '›3mSTAR›0m'

version 1.8 (16-February-97)
- added 'MINOBJECTS' to '›3mSTARTRENDER›0m'
- added 'SPIKEWIDTH' to '"{"STAR" link STAR}'
- added 'NOSTAR' and 'NOFLARES' to '›3mPOINTLIGHT›0m' and '›3mSPOTLIGHT›0m'.
- added '›3mBOX›0m' command
- added '›3mCSG›0m' command
- bugfix: 'RANDJIT'-flag of '›3mSETWORLD›0m' has been ignored.
- added 'TILT' to '›3mSTAR›0m'

version 2.0 (18-November-97)
- added 'SHADOWMAP' and 'SHADOWMAPSIZE' to '›3mPOINTLIGHT›0m' and '›3mSPOTLIGHT›0m'
- added 'FUZZY' to '›3mSPHERE›0m'
- added '›3mHYPERTEXTURE›0m'
- added 'INVERTED' to '›3mBOX›0m', '›3mCSG›0m' and '›3mSPHERE›0m'
- added '›3mCYLINDER›0m', '›3mSOR›0m' and '›3mCONE›0m' command
- problems with example files which needed bigger stacks. Now RayStorm is
  started from the ARexx scripts with a shell script.

version 2.1 (18-May-98)
- added 'COLOR', 'RINGCOLOR', 'NOISE' and 'BRIGHTNESS' to '{"STAR" link STAR}'.
- added new keywords 'EXP1' and 'EXP2' to '›3mFLARES›0m'.
- PPC version

version 2.2 (08-September-98)
- added '›3mDIRECTIONALLIGHT›0m'
- added 'FALLOFFRADIUS' to '›3mSPOTLIGHT›0m'

›0m›1mHISTORY›0m

version 1.0 (09-July-95)
- initial release.

version 1.01 (15-August-95)
- added soft shadows
- added random jitter
- added brush repeat and mirror

version 1.02 (16-August-95)
- bugfix: altitude mapping -> black object: fixed
- bugfix: loading of TDDD-objects with brushes crashed: fixed
- added backdrop picture
- added BRIGHT-flags for surface
- added fog

version 1.03 (17-August-95)
- bugfix: sphere intersection test: fixed

version 1.04 (21-August-95)
- added global fog

version 1.05 (28-August-95)
- added animation commands

version 1.06 (01-September-95)
- added motion blur

version 1.07 (10-September-95)
- added specular brush mapping

version 1.08 (11-September-95)
- added rendering box

version 1.081 (08-October-95)
- added global reflection map
- changed error messages

version 1.082 (11-October-95)
- improved memory management for Imagine objects

version 1.083 (12-October-95)
- changed spotlight direction to lookpoint and added actor for lookpoint
- new form for vectors '<x,y,z>'
- new form for colors '[r,g,b]'

version 1.1 (18-October-95)
- next offical release

version 1.11 (19-October-95)
- bugfix: Imagine fog objects are now loaded properly
- added parameter check for field rendering

version 1.12 (21-October-95)
- speedup of motion blur

version 1.13 (01-November-95)
- bugfix: spotlight look point changed camera view point
- added soft interpolation of colors for brushmapping
- bugfix: objects behind light sources casted shadows

version 1.14 (03-November-95)
- changed default gaussian filter width from 1.8 to 1.3
- bugfix: problem with global fog
- plane can now be animated
- changed axis position in flat brush mapping
- added 'Time spend' and 'Time left'

version 1.15 (28-November-95)
- added PNG- and ILBM-modules
- added radial texture

version 1.16 (09-January-96)
- bugfix in PNG-module: had problems with palette pictures
- bugfix motion blur: had a problem with voxel calculations
- bugfix motion blur: had no motion blur in scenes with planes
- added TGA-module
- added 'SOFTSHADOW' to 'DISTRIB'
- optimized octree (up to 10% faster)
- added 'FALLOFF' for 'POINTLIGHT' and 'SPOTLIGHT'
- bugfix can now load plane
- bugfix can now load multiple planes or perfect spheres

version 1.17 (18-February-96)
- object loading is now done in modules
- added 3DS module
- bugfix in TDDD-module: hardness is now used to set REFEXP
- brushes and textures are no applied to surfaces which lie
  between the light source and the illuminated surface
- bugfix antialiasing: there where some bright pixel trash in the picture
  if antialiasing with fog was used
- rewrote bump, wood and marble textures
- global reflections map is now applied in 'QUICK' mode too

version 1.2 (29-February-96)
- bugfix: last line of picture has been always black
- bugfix: had problems with Imagine 4.0 TDDD objects

version 1.21 (25-March-96)
- TDDD objects are now rotated and scaled relative to axis of first object
- bugfix: since 1.2 shadows in motion blur scenes were calculated false
- bugfix: in some cases there were vertical and horizontal stripes in
  rendered pictures
- bugfix: triangles which were exactly in one plane (XY,XZ,YZ) disapeared

version 1.22 (25-April-96)
- bugfix: had problems with sharp edges of TDDD objects
- bugfix: altitude brush mapping produced ugly results
- bugfix: fixed some motion blur bugs
- added 'SURFACE' to 'LOADOBJ' to replace objects surface with own surface
- added datatype support for all commands which load brushes

version 1.25 (08-September-96)
- the RayStorm kernel is now a shared library
- added support of new TDDD TXT4 chunk for textures from Imagine 4.0
- changed the world axis orientation (x left, y up, z in)

version 1.26 (04-October-96)
- fixed error in marble texture
- bugfix: had problems with sharp edges of TDDD objects (once again)

version 1.3 (29-November-96)
- recompiled raystorm.library with StormC -> upto 30% faster (68030/881)
- backdrop pictures are now automatically scaled
- added lens effects (flare, light star)

version 1.8 (16-February-97)
- added shadow cache (improves rendering speed for scenes with many shadows)
- fire texture
- minimum amount of objects for octree
- added spikewidth to visible light star
- added box object
- added CSG
- added tilt angle to light star
- brushes support now 24 bit datatypes too
- lens flares are now softly interpolated to the border of the flare

version 2.0 (18-November-97)
- RSOB-loader failed to load mesh objects without triangles
- added 'Time estimated' to render status window
- position actor didn't work since 1.8
- under some circumstances the light star and the lens flares were not on the
  right place
- added shadowmap to the lights
- added ›3mhyper textures›0m
- added cylinder and cone object
- added ›3msurface of revolution›0m
- added JPEG-modules

version 2.1 (18-May-98)
- improved lens flares and light star
- added Lightwave object loader
- PPC version
- improved overall rendering speed (30%)
- improved motionblur rendering speed

version 2.2 (08-September-98)
- RayStorm textures
- directional light
- soft spot lights
- improved speed (about 10-15%)

›0m›1mHOMEPAGE›0m

Come and visit our RayStorm-Homepage! There you can always get the latest
version of RayStorm and can see some example pictures.

The address:
http://www.uni-ulm.de/~s_mhesse/raystorm.html

›0m›1mFUTURE ADDITIONS›0m

›0m›1mRayStorm Scenario›0m

- animation control
- text object generator

›0m›1mRayStorm Raytracer›0m

- animation language (ALAN)
- more textures
- don't allocate whole picture buffer at once
- diffuse reflectivity
- diffuse transparency
- log file
- apply post-2D-FX
- spline interpolation for actors
- metaballs
- some extra programs (e.g. terrain and plant generation)

›0m›1mComputer Graphics›0m

J.D. Foley, A. van Dam
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company

›0m›1mAdvanced Animation and Rendering Techniques
Theory and Practice›0m

Alan Watt, Mark Watt
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company

›0m›1mTexturing and Modeling
A Procedural Approach›0m

Ebert, Musgrave, Peachy, Perlin, Worley
1994 Academic Press
ISBN 0-12-228760-6

›0m›1mHypertexture›0m

Ken Perlin, Courant Institute of the Mathematical Science, New York University
Eric M. Hoffert, AT&T Pixel Machines
SIGGRAPH '89, page 253-262

›0m›1mInteractive Computer Graphics
Functional, Procedural and Device-Level Methods›0m

Peter Burger, Duncan Gillies
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company
ISBN 0-201-17439-1

›0m›1mFast Algorithms for 3D-Graphics›0m

Georg Glaeser
Springer-Verlag
ISBN 0-387-94288-2

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